BITS Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Singh, Dheerendra

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    Development of a fuzzy-pi tuned bidirectional charger for electric three-wheeler applications
    (IEEE, 2025-05) Bansal, Hari Om; Singh, Dheerendra
    The growing worldwide market for electric vehicles (EVs) has put pressure on automotive system developers to improve charging efficiency and enhance the charging infrastructure. Bidirectional chargers support the grid by flowing the power in the two directions, i.e. functioning in both V2G and G2V modes. In this paper, a bidirectional converter interfaces a fixed DC bus that supports EV battery charging and discharging operation, is presented and simulated in a MATLAB environment. A Fuzzy Logic tuned Proportional Integral (FLPI) is designed using MATLAB Simulink to enhance the charger's performance. This paper also presents a performance comparative analysis of the FLPI and conventionally used PI Controller, highlighting the FLPI controller's advantages. FLPI is better than the conventional PI because of low errors, faster response time, better transient performance and improved robustness. The charger is developed and simulated for a 600V DC supply with a peak output power of 10kW. The simulation results demonstrate the charging and discharging of a 72V 150 Ah Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery for electric-3-wheeler applications.
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    Wide Bandgap Devices: Enabling Technologies for Power Electronics-Based System
    (Springer, 2025-01) Maurya, Satyendra Kumar; Singh, Dheerendra
    Contemporary society heavily depends on power electronic systems, playing a pivotal role in realizing sustainability objectives by mitigating adverse environmental effects like the release of greenhouse gases and the exacerbation of global warming. Wide Bandgap (WBG) power components have the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in energy efficiency as compared to conventional silicon (Si)-based components. Amid various WBG materials, namely Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC), GaN and SiC have surfaced as the most promising due to their exceptional performance capabilities. By utilizing WBG-based components, it becomes possible to achieve swifter switching accompanied by reduced energy losses at higher frequencies, thus facilitating the advancement of compact and remarkably efficient power converters. This present evaluative paper delves into the advantages and obstacles linked with SiC and GaN power devices, along with their applications in the realm of power electronics.
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    Analysis of temperature sensitive electrical performance of sputter grown Ni and Ni–Cr Schottky contacts on 4 H-SiC
    (Springer, 2024-11) Singh, Dheerendra; Mourya, Satyendra Kumar; Bhatt, Upendra Mohan
    This paper studies the temperature-dependent electrical transport properties of nickel (Ni) and nickel–chromium (Ni–Cr) sputtered on n-type 4 H-SiC substrate. Barrier inhomogeneities have been found to affect the electrical parameter of the Schottky barrier diode (SBD) from 323 to 423 K temperature range, We have done current–voltage characterization of Ni and Ni–Cr Schottky junctions. The barrier height , reverse saturation current , ideality factor and series resistance were obtained from I–V characteristics of Ni and Ni–Cr and these parameters are observed to be highly dependent on temperature. It has been observed that Ni–Cr contact has exhibited better electrical characteristics as well as thermal sensitivity as compared to Ni. This may be attributed to the smaller number of barrier inhomogeneities at the Ni–Cr/4 H-SiC interface. In the temperature range from 323 to 423 K, Ni and Ni–Cr-based Schottky contacts, Following observation has been noticed (a). Schottky barrier height (SBH) increased from 1.24 to 1.37 eV and 1.15 to 1.45 eV, (b). Ideality factors reduced from 3.76 to 2.61 and 3.20 to 2.53, (c). Series resistance decreased from 10.22 to 3.37 and 2.45 to 1.16 , and (d). Reverse leakage current to A and to A respectively. The V–T curves for both SBDs are investigated (for the same temperature range) to calculate their thermal sensitivity at and A, respectively. The V–T curves with linear behavior are used to calculate the thermal sensitivity coefficient , which was found to be 7.11 to 7.93 mV/K for the Ni–Cr SBD, and 7.1 to 20.01 mV/K for the Ni/4 H-SiC contacts. The sensitivity-current characteristics for the Ni/4 H-SiC SBD were found to be a non-linear comparison with Ni–Cr/4 H-SiC SBD, which may be attributed to the presence of a highly resistive and non-uniform coating of Ni at the interface.
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    Edge Computing and Deep Learning Enabled Secure Multitier Network for Internet of Vehicles
    (IEEE, 2021-04) Chamola, Vinay; Singh, Dheerendra
    Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) are fast becoming the norm in our society, but such a trend also comes with its own set of challenges (e.g., new security and privacy risks due to the expanded attack vectors). In this work, we propose an edge-computing-based secure, efficient, and intelligent multitier heterogeneous IoVs network. We first discuss the functionality and objectives of such an architecture. Then, we demonstrate how unsupervised deep learning techniques can facilitate the identification of suspicious vehicle behavior and ensure the security of such an architecture. The findings from our evaluations demonstrate the learning spatiotemporal information and parameter efficiency of the proposed stacked long short-term memory (LSTM) model over single LSTMs.
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    Fabrication and Characterization of a Silicon Carbide Based Schottky Barrier Diode
    (Springer, 2023-08) Singh, Dheerendra
    In this work, we report the fabrication and characterization of a Schottky diode containing a metal–semiconductor Schottky junction. The metal–semiconductor Schottky contact was formed using nickel (Ni) as the metal and silicon carbide (4H-SiC) as the semiconducting material. The metal–semiconductor Schottky diode array was fabricated on 350-μm-thick 4H-SiC (0001) substrates. The Schottky contact was formed using Ni, and a triple layer of Ti/Pt/Au was used for the ohmic contact. Deposition of Ni-Cr alloy on 4H-SiC was carried out to improve the adhesion at the metal–semiconductor interface. Based on the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, the device output parameter values for turn-on voltage, forward current at 5 V, reverse saturation current, barrier height (φB) and ideality factor (η) were 1 V, 2.57 mA, 652 nA, 0.935 eV and 1.296, respectively. A band diagram is proposed to explain the charge transport phenomena.
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    Electric Power Quality Monitoring (PQM) using Virtual Instrumentation
    (IEEE, 2010) Singh, Dheerendra
    The paper presents a low-cost Virtual Instrument (VI) for monitoring the Power Quality (PQ) events. There are number of mathematical and machine intelligence techniques being used for analyzing the distorted, non-stationary current/voltage waveforms. Here in this paper a technique is used that visualizes the effect of various types of windows on non-stationary signals, and the primary focus is on finding the various harmonic components present. Fundamental frequency is estimated using Buneman Frequency Estimator and harmonic spectrogram is plotted using Short time Fourier Transform (STFT). The Dolph-Chebyshev window’s performance is found good and comparison is made. The zero padding technique is also implemented for the better detection of interharmonics. The system is developed on LabVIEW platform and the testing is done through simulation and live current/voltage input through data acquisition board.
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    Solar Power Based Impedance - Source Converter for BLDC Motor with Closed Loop Control
    (IEEE, 2011) Singh, Dheerendra
    In this paper a new solar power system feeding a brushless dc motor (BLDC) is proposed. The energy of the solar panel is to make optimal use of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is required. This operates the solar panel at the optimum operating point. This function is taken over by a DSC. The brushless DC motor is controlled by full bridge with hall sensors. A feedback is transmitted from the engine to the controller. Thus a closed loop control can be implemented. The goal of this paper is to replace the existing Boost DC by the newly developed Impedance Source link. The hardware implementation of the Z-source inverter in DSC and Simulink has been discussed in this paper.
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    The IFOC based speed control of induction motor fed by a high performance Z-source inverter
    (IEEE, 2014) Singh, Dheerendra
    This paper presents a implementation of Z-source inverter system and speed control for induction motor drives. The Z-source inverter system is a single stage converter. By controlling the shoot-through duty cycle, the Z-source network can boost the capacitor DC voltage. Which is greater than the input DC voltage. As a result, the new Z-source inverter system provides ride-through capability during voltage sags, improves power factor, reduces harmonics, increases reliability and widen output voltage range. The experimental results are validated. A Double Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (DSVPWM) and Indirect Field Oriented (IFO) speed control is used for the control of Z-Source Inverter fed induction motor. A 32 bit DSP (TMS320F28335) is used to implement the IFOC-DSVPWM for Z-source inverter.
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    RoadNurse: A Cloud-Based Accident Detection and Emergency Relief Response Infrastructure
    (Springer, 2020) Singh, Dheerendra; Chamola, Vinay
    Casualties of roadside accidents often die due to the delayed arrival of rescue groups. This is because there is an interval between the accident occurring and the authorities being notified. In some cases, the authorities are failed to be notified due to the absence of any bystanders and the incapability of the victim to call for help themselves. We propose a compact system called the RoadNurse, to provide location-based emergency service which locates an accident quickly and notifies the emergency services and the loved ones of the victim. It also provides the live location of the accident to accelerate the transfer of the victim to the medical centers. The system contains vibration sensors which detect a value greater than certain threshold, determining the possible severity of injury and then utilizes the GPS module to determine the precise location of the accident. This location is sent to the cloud server, which contains the details (name, location, contact, and severity-level capability of treatment) of hospitals in the city. The server processes the optimal hospital with respect to proximity to the accident and the severity of injury. The hospital and the victims loved ones are messaged the details of the accident by the GSM module, and a phone call is initiated with the hospital. This procedure serves as a lifeline to the victim and might be the difference between life and death in the future.
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    New control algorithm for impedance (Z-source) inverter
    (IEEE, 2013) Singh, Dheerendra
    A Z-source inverter with a customized modified reference (sine) based pulse width modulation technique is proposed for energy conversion systems e.g. hybrid vehicle. In this system six reference and one carrier signal are used to generate switching pulses. This paper is to demonstrate that the Z-source inverter will boost the AC voltage whenever required, and give minimum output distortion and maximum tracking and interface with the renewable energy system. The control method is analysed with simulation and experimental results. Also the control method is implemented in DSP (TMS320F28335).