BITS Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Singhal, AnupamSubject: search.filters.subject.Mechanical Engineering

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    Urban Policymaking for a Developing City Using a Hybridized Technique Based on SWOT, AHP, and GIS
    (ASCE, 2021) Singhal, Anupam; Routroy, Srikanta
    The high rate of population growth in the 21st century is causing mass migration from rural to urban settlements. Rapid urbanization in developing countries generally follows unregulated growths, urban sprawls, and inefficiencies in city planning. With the trend of rapid growth in developing countries, it has been very difficult to maintain an environmentally sustainable and socially resilient policy framework. This study proposes an urban development policy framework for sustainable planning in developing cities by coupling geographic information system (GIS) geospatial zonal analysis with strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model. The hybridized approach incorporates critical issues such as disaster impact, slum settlements, infrastructure deficit, and noise pollution in urban planning. A case study of the city of Delhi was taken to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework in developing cities. The novelty of the study is that it proposes a highly flexible urban development plan based on the integrated GIS and SWOT-AHP methodology that is specific to the needs of developing economies and developing cities. The methodology also puts a strong emphasis on disaster prevention and response in the urban development plan. Results from the GIS–SWOT-AHP model can be used for region-based urban planning that prioritizes regions needing critical attention and directs the development of the city toward a sustainable future.
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    Radiation Shielding Concrete with alternate constituents: An approach to address multiple hazards
    (Elsevier, 2021-02) Singhal, Anupam; Bhunia, Dipendu; Routroy, Srikanta
    Radiation Shielding Concrete (RSC) is a superior alternative to many conventional and modern shields against gamma and neutron radiation hazards. The present work is the first comprehensive review on utilization of alternate materials, emphasizing hazardous industrial byproducts, as constituents of RSC. Such usage enhances the performance, sustainability, and affordability of RSC. Added advantages are the immobilization of wastes and the conservation of natural resources for RSC. The review analyses incorporation of ferrous and non-ferrous slags, mines wastes, plastics, red mud, cathode ray tube's glass, metallic wastes, fly ash, silica fume, and miscellaneous residues. Besides, utilization of fibers, nanoparticles, and calcined clay is investigated. The influence on shielding efficiency is adjudged by scrutinizing changes in parameters such as half-value layer and linear attenuation coefficients. Similarly, variations in mechanical and durability properties are investigated and compared. The underlying responsible factors related to the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of materials and their consequences on RSC’s behavior are correlated. In association with alternatives, the advantages, disadvantages, and possible treatment methods are discussed. The country-wise, material-specific, and progressive research trends are revealed to facilitate future work in this upcoming field. Finally, conclusions are drawn with exposition of current bottlenecks and scope of future research.
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    Kiln-fired clay bricks synergizing nickel–chromium plating sludge and fly ash: mechanical characteristics and cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment
    (Springer, 2022-09) Bhunia, Dipendu; Routroy, Srikanta; Singhal, Anupam; Lahoti, Mukund
    Life cycle assessment (LCA) of novel fired clay bricks with synergistic co-valorization of nickel-chrome plating sludge (NCPS) and fly ash (FA) is reported. 0%, 20%, and 37.5% FA was added to improve sludge-deteriorated mechanical properties. Sludge bricks (SBs) exhibited compressive strength of 11.03 MPa, 17% water absorption, nil efflorescence, and permissible heavy metals’ leaching, complying with standards as first-class bricks. LCA was performed with the ReCiPe-2016 method, utilizing the primary experimental data, government reports, and the Ecoinvent v3.8 database. LCA analysis revealed that compared to clay bricks, SBs caused 30%, 43%, and 51% lesser harm to ecosystem quality, human health, and resource categories in the endpoint assessment. Kiln emissions, coal, clay, and transportation were chief contributors, but their cumulative endpoint impacts significantly reduced (38%, 52%, 55%, and 45%) on switching to the SBs. Terrestrial acidification, global warming, photochemical oxidant formation, and particulate matter emissions significantly affected midpoint categories. However, their impacts got reduced by 52–57% with SBs. With global annual clay brick production exceeding 1.5 trillion, agricultural soil mining causes irreversible depletion of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and organic carbon in the soil. SBs utilize only 50% clay, adding substantially to environmental savings. Successful NCPS immobilization in bricks prevents leaching hazards and avoids scientific landfill construction. With a calorific value of 945 kcal/kg, NCPS acts as internal fuel during firing, reducing the external coal requirement. This work establishes the techno-environmental feasibility of recycling NCPS and producing better-performing bricks with lower environmental impacts.
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    Urban Policymaking for a Developing City Using a Hybridized Technique Based on SWOT, AHP, and GIS
    (ASCE, 2021-06) Singhal, Anupam; Routroy, Srikanta
    The high rate of population growth in the 21st century is causing mass migration from rural to urban settlements. Rapid urbanization in developing countries generally follows unregulated growths, urban sprawls, and inefficiencies in city planning. With the trend of rapid growth in developing countries, it has been very difficult to maintain an environmentally sustainable and socially resilient policy framework. This study proposes an urban development policy framework for sustainable planning in developing cities by coupling geographic information system (GIS) geospatial zonal analysis with strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model. The hybridized approach incorporates critical issues such as disaster impact, slum settlements, infrastructure deficit, and noise pollution in urban planning. A case study of the city of Delhi was taken to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework in developing cities. The novelty of the study is that it proposes a highly flexible urban development plan based on the integrated GIS and SWOT-AHP methodology that is specific to the needs of developing economies and developing cities. The methodology also puts a strong emphasis on disaster prevention and response in the urban development plan. Results from the GIS–SWOT-AHP model can be used for region-based urban planning that prioritizes regions needing critical attention and directs the development of the city toward a sustainable future.
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    Analyzing environment sustainability enablers using fuzzy DEMATEL for an Indian steel manufacturing company
    (Emerald, 2019-03-20) Singhal, Anupam; Routroy, Srikanta
    The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Environmental Sustainability Enablers (ESEs) for an Indian steel manufacturing company to select the appropriate set of ESEs for implementing and enhancing environmental sustainability.