BITS Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Srivastava, Anshuman

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    Pollutant removal from paint, mortar, and reinforced composite and evaluating the engineering properties by incorporate the photocatalyst: BaTio3
    (Wiley, 2025-07) Singh, Shamsher Bahadur; Srivastava, Anshuman
    The present work explores to study the pollutant removal properties of mortar, concrete, and paint by incorporating the BaTiO3 as photocatalysts with different dosages (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) replaced by weight of cement and 20 g in white paint of 40 mL. To investigate the pollutant removal property of specimens prepared with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and white cement (WC) and white paint on ordinary wall, Rhodamine B dye is used as a pollutant. The pollutant removal property was investigated for 4 days in laboratory experiment and 4 days in the field experiment. It was observed that the specimen having dosage of 2% photocatalyst have the best result in pollutant removal than the other specimen in laboratory experiment. The catalyst shows pollutant removal ability in white paint even in the presence of sunlight effectively and maintains the color’s grace of the paint. The compressive strength increased with the addition of a photocatalyst, and other engineering properties of the specimens were the same even at different dosages of the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst BaTiO3 remove the pollutant from paint, mortar, and reinforced composite without affecting the all the engineering properties.
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    Exploratory study on concrete incorporating copper tailings and marble dust as partial substitutes for ordinary portland cement
    (Springer, 2025-07) Lahoti, Mukund; Srivastava, Anshuman
    Supplementary cementitious materials are crucial to reduce costs and carbon footprint, as traditional cement production emits greenhouse gases. This study explores using copper tailings and marble dust as substitutes for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete. In this investigation, three concrete mixes were designed, and tests were carried out to compare their tensile and compressive strengths. C0M0 served as the control mix, i.e., mix with no replacement of OPC. While in C5M5 mix, 10% OPC was replaced by 5% copper tailings and 5% marble dust. While in mix C5M10, 15% OPC was replaced by 5% copper tailing and 10% marble dust. Experimental observation was that the control mix (C0M0) exhibited highest compressive strength, which then declined for C5M5 mix and further retreated in increasing path in C5M10 mix, with almost reaching compressive strength of the C0M0 (control) mix. The compressive strength as compared to the control mix was reduced by about 24.8% for C5M5 mix and close to 0.9% for C5M10 mix. The observed decrease in strength was attributed to the moisture-absorbing nature of copper tailings and marble dust, which limited water availability for OPC hydration, while marble dust's filler action contributed to strength gain. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests established a relationship between compressive strength and sound velocity. Economic analysis revealed the cost-effectiveness of concrete incorporating copper tailings and marble dust. The study highlights the potential for developing concrete strength with these waste materials, promoting environmentally friendly and cost-effective construction practices.
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    Assessment of different curing methods on marble dust concrete
    (Springer, 2025-03) Srivastava, Anshuman
    This research deals with significance of marble dust containing concrete by using different curing methods on it. Marble dust is used as a partial replacement of cement ranging from 0 to 15% by cement weights were considered in concrete. The most important aim of this study to reveal effectiv method of curing which gives better mechanical and durability properties like compressive strength and durability property of marble dust incorporated concrete. These experimental studies analyze the three different curing methods and assessment of the compressive strength, and also the variation of marble dust replacement percentage with cement is also taken into experimentation.
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    Marble dust as a sustainable cementitious material: investigating the synergistic effects of curing conditions
    (Taylor & Francis, 2025-04) Srivastava, Anshuman
    This study examines the effect of seven different curing regimes (normal water, marine environment, ambient, jute bag, polythene bag, accelerated water, and carbonation curing) on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete that incorporates marble dust as partial replacement of cement at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% replacement rates. The curing regime considerably impacted minimizing the compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength losses induced by increased marble dust content. Under normal water curing, an optimum 7.5% marble dust dosage resulted in a 9.5% increase in 28-day compressive strength over the control mix. Carbonation curing resulted in higher 28-day flexural strengths (up to 12.5% marble dust) than normal water curing. Marine environment curing reduced strength significantly (up to a 30.1% decrease at 7-day compressive strength at 15% marble dust) due to chloride ion interference. Water absorption dropped by up to 15.7% at the optimal 7.5% marble dust dosage under normal water curing but increased by up to 3.9% under ambient curing, highlighting the importance of adequate curing for pozzolanic reactions. Rapid chloride permeability testing revealed up to 53.9% lower charge passing values under normal water curing at 15% marble dust, demonstrating better chloride resistance when compared to other curing regimes. Continuous hydration and pozzolanic reaction facilitation through appropriate curing procedures, such as conventional and accelerated water curing, significantly increased performance at optimal marble dust dosages. The study emphasizes the importance of adjusting curing regimens to optimize the use of marble dust as a sustainable SCM in concrete production.
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    Computational design of fly ash geopolymer mortar using experimental and attribute evaluation approaches
    (Springer, 2024-10) Lahoti, Mukund; Srivastava, Anshuman
    Geopolymer is a ceramic-like inorganic material synthesized at room temperature and is a potential sustainable replacement of Portland cement. In the present work, a comprehensive experimental program was designed to evaluate the relative importance of mix design factors controlling the strength of fly ash geopolymer mortar. Restrained factors, namely, temperature of curing; alkaline solution to fly ash (L/FA) ratio; sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) ratio; sodium hydroxide molarity; and fly ash to sand (FA/Sand) ratio, and unrestrained factors, namely, H2O/Na2O; SiO2/Al2O3; SiO2/Na2O; and Al2O3/Na2O molar ratios, were considered for evaluation. Feature subset selection and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) techniques were used to determine the significance of these factors. Results show that temperature of curing is the most significant factor. FA/Sand and L/FA are found to affect compressive strength more significantly than sodium hydroxide molarity and SS/SH. Except for H2O/Na2O molar ratio, other molar ratios were observed to be very less significant. It is noted that mix design of geopolymer mortar should not be based on the molar ratios, instead mix design must be prepared by controlling the restrained factors. The findings of this study should be helpful in optimization of design factors leading to a robust geopolymer mix.
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    Properties of fly ash geopolymer modified with red mud and silica fume: a comparative study
    (Springer, 2020-10) Srivastava, Anshuman
    Alkali-activated geopolymer has emerged as a sustainable alternative to highly polluting conventional cement. The present paper investigates the activation of fly ash-based geopolymer paste modified by red mud and silica fume. Three geopolymer mixes are considered: (1) fly ash; (2) fly ash—red mud; and (3) fly ash—silica fume. Mass proportions of modifiers in the respected mixes varied by 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of total binder. Heat curing (60 °C) provided for 24 h just after casting. Alkaline activator consists of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. Workability results reveal that both red mud and silica fume triggered the reduction in workability with the later one had a greater impact. A flash set was obtained with the silica fume content of more than 15%. Both the modifiers cause a decrease in the setting time at ambient temperature, and silica fume proved to be more productive with the reduction of more than 65% of setting time. Mixes containing red mud exhibit slightly higher density. Water absorption of fly ash geopolymer increases with red mud. Compressive strength increases with the addition of modifiers, and geopolymer containing silica fume possesses the highest compressive strength among the three mixes considered. Compressive strength exhibited a linear correlation with molar ratios (Si/Al and Na/Si) of source materials. XRD and SEM methods showed that the geopolymerization reaction is affected by the red mud and silica fume. It is recommended that the flash set and setting time at higher contents of modifiers must be examined for the design of a modified geopolymer mix.
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    Use of Photocatalyst in Self-Cleaning Constructions Material: A Review
    (Springer, 2022-03) Singh, Shamsher Bahadur; Srivastava, Anshuman
    Pollution arising from the urban activities and industry has a significant impact on the aesthetic view of building and quality of life. This study reviews the framework, problem, challenges, and benefits of self-cleaning construction materials. The present study gives the critical review analysis of the relevant literatures considering the self-cleaning concrete properties, process, and critical assessment of different approaches of self-concrete techniques. Recently, studies based on self-cleaning concrete have provided alternative for traditional concrete. Specifically, use of “Photocatalyst” as a self-cleaning” agent has revolutionized the concrete industry. The self-cleaning properties of photocatalyst, e.g., TiO2, Bismuth, and ZnO have been investigated and compared. These photocatalysts activated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation can result in increased organic particulates decomposition. They check the level of pollutants like NOx, SO2, and Volatile Organic Compound and keep the air pollution free. It is concluded that Bismuth (Bi2O2CO3) photocatalyst gives better result in self-cleaning than TiO2 and ZnO.
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    Condition Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Using Infrared Thermography
    (Springer, 2022-05) Singh, Ajit Pratap; Srivastava, Anshuman
    Estimation of extent of deterioration in concrete bridge decks is a challenge. Non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques are significant since they provide fast, easy, and economical way to detect delaminations, cracks, voids, and corrosion in bridge decks. In the present work, an attempt has been made to assess the effectiveness of infrared thermography (IRT) method in detecting various subsurface flaws of bridge decks. Thus, a test facility containing concrete bridge deck induced with various artificial defects is constructed. This study concludes that IRT can quickly scan large areas and identify potential locations of defects, particularly at shallow depths, up to 50 mm depth from surface in this study. Therefore, it can be highly useful for field inspections of bridges. The ideal time for field testing is estimated to be 4–5 h after sunrise. However, it can be suitably used along with other NDT techniques and their combination would yield better results.
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    Reliability-based mix design of marble dust incorporated concrete and its assessment using the concept of performance index
    (Wiley, 2022-03) Srivastava, Anshuman
    Concrete is one of the most important and versatile construction materials and variation in its properties is inevitable. Mix design of concrete is done in such a way that the design compressive strength is typically higher than the actual values specified by the structural engineer. The concept of reliability has not been explicitly used in regard of calculation of compressive strength using mix design and demands attention. A design procedure based on the reliability-based index is presented. The design procedure is developed for the concrete mix with partial replacement of cement by marble dust. The mechanical property which is the compressive strength of the concrete mix design is considered as a random variable, assumed to be lognormally distributed. The present study makes an effort to design a concrete mix in accordance to theory of confidence level for various levels of reliability. Mix design guidelines and graphs for various levels of replacement of cement by marble dust have also been presented in the study. Also, the cost analysis of various design mix proportions used has been calculated and compared. Four different cases to illustrate the performance rating in accordance with replacement levels of Marble dust have been formulated. The concrete mixes with marble dust induced in concrete had lower partial safety factors than those without inclusion. The characteristics of Marble dust incorporated concrete have been assigned numerical performance index values. These values may constitute a reliable means for concrete producers in finding the rate of cement replacement by other cementitious materials. The compressive strength of most of mixes with marble dust had a coefficient of variation and within-test coefficient of variation value ranging between 2% and 3% and less than 1.5%, respectively. This indicates toward improvement in quality of concrete with cement partially replaced by marble dust.
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    Experimental investigation on paver blocks of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete containing silica fume
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021-12) Srivastava, Anshuman
    Utilisation of geopolymer may reduce the global warming potential of concrete. This study examines geopolymer concrete as interlocking paver blocks. Three concretes are compared: conventional cement, fly ash-geopolymer and fly ash–silica fume geopolymer. Sodium hydroxide solution is used in both geopolymer concretes, and sodium silicate solution is used in fly ash-based geopolymer concrete only. Rectangle and uni shape blocks are tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, abrasion resistance and freeze–thaw resistance. Dynamic drop loading test is conducted on block pavement with herringbone laying pattern . Results revealed that resistance to abrasion and water absorption of geopolymeris improved by adding silica fume . Freeze–thaw resistance is the lowest for cement concrete paver blocks. Lowest deflection occurred in block pavement of uni shape. Geopolymer concrete provides uniform load distribution than cement concrete. Cement concrete is slightly costlier than geopolymer concrete. This study concluded the geopolymer as suitable option for paver block applications