BITS Faculty Publications

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    Sustainability evaluation of the stormwater drainage system in six Indian cities
    (MDPI, 2023-10) Goonetilleke, Ashantha
    Over the past several decades, urbanisation has spread rapidly over the globe. Research on the viability of urban stormwater drainage systems and the search for solutions to the related problems constitute an important prerequisite for their sustainability evaluation. The Government of India’s sub-committee for the development of “National sustainable habitat parameters on urban stormwater management” has proposed twenty key indices to promote and monitor the sustainable urban stormwater management paradigm. Their evaluation may be taken up at various stages of development, including planning/design, execution, post-operation audits, impact assessment, etc. Eleven of these sustainability indices, including the “Natural drainage system index (NDSI), the Drainage coverage (constructed) index (DCI), the Permeability Index (PI), Water bodies rejuvenation index (WBRI), Water body vulnerability index (WBVI), Water logging index (WLI), Area vulnerability index (AWI), Stormwater discharge quality index (SWDQI), and Rainfall intensity index (RII)” were evaluated for three Tier I cities (Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai) and three Tier II cities (Varanasi, Chandigarh, and Roorkee) in India based on the available data for 2010 as the datum year and 2020 as the test year. All the considered cities serve as economically and institutionally important urban centres, fall in different climatic zones, and are distributed in two major categories based on the scale of development and population density. All the indices enumerated individually fell within the range of 0 to 1, the two extremities of the sustainability range. Further, ranking of various indices was done employing the Analytical Hierarchy Process, and after deriving the weights for each, aggregation of all these indices was performed to yield an “Overall sustainability index” for each city. Different values were demonstrated along the sustainability scale for all the cities based on performance with regard to various constituent indices in a standalone mode and their interplay in an aggregated mode. The findings are expected to provide important insights to meet the goal of the developing sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDSs).
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    A Fuzzy AHP Approach for Supplier Selection
    (OSCM, 2014) Digalwar, Abhijeet K.
    Supplier selection is an integral part of supply chain management in any organization which is directly responsible for its success in market and if we see today’s highly competitive environment then it is pretty much difficult to find an effective and efficient supplier which can fulfill all organization’s need as required. Though there has been extensive research in supplier selection and quality management, but there has been less research in supplier selection/ evaluation under various conflicting/dependent criteria and sub criteria. To overcome this issue, Fuzzy-AHP a multi criteria decision making approach is proposed. This allows the decision making in fuzzy environment to rule out the error caused due to vagueness in human thoughts.
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    Development of a multi criteria decision model for justification of green manufacturing systems
    (Inder Science, 2011-12) Sangwan, Kuldip Singh
    Rapid industrial growth in the last century has led to many economic, environmental and social problems from global warming to local waste disposal. The industry has come under increasing pressure to reduce the environmental impacts involved in the production of goods and services. In recent years green manufacturing systems (GMS) have been widely considered for implementation to reduce environmental and social impacts as well as to improve economical competitiveness. However, the implementation of such systems is expensive and relative investments tend to be irreversible, thus, necessarily requiring careful consideration before a decision can be made. However, the managers find it difficult to justify implementation of GMS to top management as traditional economic approaches do not account for the significant intangible benefits offered by GMS. In this paper, an attempt has been made to overcome the deficiencies of traditional economic justification approaches by presenting a multi criteria decision model – analytic hierarchy process (AHP) – for the justification of green manufacturing systems. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated through an illustrative example
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    Urban Policymaking for a Developing City Using a Hybridized Technique Based on SWOT, AHP, and GIS
    (ASCE, 2021) Singhal, Anupam; Routroy, Srikanta
    The high rate of population growth in the 21st century is causing mass migration from rural to urban settlements. Rapid urbanization in developing countries generally follows unregulated growths, urban sprawls, and inefficiencies in city planning. With the trend of rapid growth in developing countries, it has been very difficult to maintain an environmentally sustainable and socially resilient policy framework. This study proposes an urban development policy framework for sustainable planning in developing cities by coupling geographic information system (GIS) geospatial zonal analysis with strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model. The hybridized approach incorporates critical issues such as disaster impact, slum settlements, infrastructure deficit, and noise pollution in urban planning. A case study of the city of Delhi was taken to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework in developing cities. The novelty of the study is that it proposes a highly flexible urban development plan based on the integrated GIS and SWOT-AHP methodology that is specific to the needs of developing economies and developing cities. The methodology also puts a strong emphasis on disaster prevention and response in the urban development plan. Results from the GIS–SWOT-AHP model can be used for region-based urban planning that prioritizes regions needing critical attention and directs the development of the city toward a sustainable future.
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    Development of supply chain risk mitigation strategy: a case study
    (Inder Science, 2014) Routroy, Srikanta; Pradhan, Sudeep Kumar
    The supply chain managers are making efforts to identify, assess, manage and mitigate the supply chain risks successfully to survive in the long run and to attain competitive advantages. The failure to manage these risks effectively can have a significant negative impact on supply chain performance. Therefore, the supply chain risks should be identified, quantified and analysed and it will form the basis for developing the supply chain mitigation strategies. Therefore, a complete and structured methodology is proposed for analysing supply chain risks and developing the supply chain risk mitigation strategies in a manufacturing supply chain environment. The application of proposed methodology has been demonstrated with a manufacturing case environment. It will be quite useful in the environment where quantitative information related to supply chain risks is not available.
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    Framework for green procurement: a case study
    (Inder Science, 2012-06) Routroy, Srikanta
    Manufacturing companies are putting significant effort and investment to achieve feasible and affordable greenness in their supply chains. The procurement is a major area of manufacturing supply chain and has a significant impact on the final product with respect to quality, cost and greenness. Therefore, the manufacturing organisation should incorporate green issues while procuring components, parts, sub-assembly and services from suppliers. In this paper, a conceptual framework for green procurement (GP) in manufacturing environment is proposed. The simplicity and clarity of proposed model enhances its acceptability for implementation and also ensures desired level of greenness in the procurement process.
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    Comparative Performance of Contradictory and Non-Contradictory Judgement Matrices in AHP Under Qualitative and Quantitative Metrics
    (IGI Global, 2018) Gupta, Vishal
    Over the years, although AHP has proved its success in various diverse fields, many authors in the literature have also shown its shortcomings, often called as criticisms of AHP. One such criticism is allowing the consideration of contradictory judgement matrices. Such matrices violate the principle of ordinal transitivity and thus there does not exist any ranking of corresponding decision elements which satisfy all the judgements. In this paper, the results of our investigation towards measuring this criticism are further explored and discussed by comparing the quality of priority vector of contradictory judgement matrices and non-contradictory judgement matrices under Rank Reversals and the common frame work of “aggregated deviation”. The results further strengthen the notion of contradictory judgement matrices as a strong criticism of AHP for higher order judgement matrices and necessitate some proper avoidance (if not elimination) procedure for them.
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    An experimental measurement of contradictory judgement matrices in AHP
    (IEEE, 2012) Rohil, Mukesh Kumar; Gupta, Vishal
    Often Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques are used to assist in deciding a best choice, or alternative, in many different types of environment. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the most popular MCDM technique used in variety of domains. It not only generates numerical order of alternatives that indicates an order of preference among them but also reflect there intensity or cardinal preference among them. Despite its advantages and popularity, AHP is often criticized in the literature for many reasons. One such reason is the Consistency Index which it requires to compute for every judgement matrix. As a result of this, it allows the consideration of Contradictory matrices for which no true ordinal ranking satisfying all the relations contained in the judgement matrix can exist. This paper shows the results of an experimental analysis as an attempt to measure the magnitude of this problem. Results show that as the order of pair wise comparison matricx increases the intensity of this problem also increases.
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    The impact of construction of hill roads on the environment, assessed using the multi-criteria approach
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021-03-30) Singhal, Anupam; Singh, Ajit Pratap; Mittal, Ravi Kant
    The environmental impact assessment (EIA) in regard to road widening of a 26 km stretch in Reasi District of Jammu and Kashmir (Union Territory) has been studied. Impact on the environment included temperature, deforestation, rainfall, landslides, blasting, surface and groundwater, air and soil pollution, habitat change, historical and socio-environmental factors. The study indicates that buses are the highest emitters of Hartridge Smoke Unit (HSU) followed by light commercial vehicles, heavy commercial trucks and cars, and three-wheelers in that order. The study also established that the make and age of the vehicle had negligible impact on the observed values of HSU and the light absorption coefficient (k). With the help of multi-criteria tools, the EIA has been quantified for four alternatives of a road stretch using fourteen criteria. The results show that the impact of the construction of two-lane highways on the environment is high, but that it can also be mitigated effectively.
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    Urban Policymaking for a Developing City Using a Hybridized Technique Based on SWOT, AHP, and GIS
    (ASCE, 2021-06) Singhal, Anupam; Routroy, Srikanta
    The high rate of population growth in the 21st century is causing mass migration from rural to urban settlements. Rapid urbanization in developing countries generally follows unregulated growths, urban sprawls, and inefficiencies in city planning. With the trend of rapid growth in developing countries, it has been very difficult to maintain an environmentally sustainable and socially resilient policy framework. This study proposes an urban development policy framework for sustainable planning in developing cities by coupling geographic information system (GIS) geospatial zonal analysis with strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model. The hybridized approach incorporates critical issues such as disaster impact, slum settlements, infrastructure deficit, and noise pollution in urban planning. A case study of the city of Delhi was taken to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework in developing cities. The novelty of the study is that it proposes a highly flexible urban development plan based on the integrated GIS and SWOT-AHP methodology that is specific to the needs of developing economies and developing cities. The methodology also puts a strong emphasis on disaster prevention and response in the urban development plan. Results from the GIS–SWOT-AHP model can be used for region-based urban planning that prioritizes regions needing critical attention and directs the development of the city toward a sustainable future.