BITS Faculty Publications

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    Can breakthroughs in dermal and transdermal macromolecule delivery surmount existing barriers and revolutionize future therapeutics?
    (Springer, 2025-05) Mittal, Anupama; Chitkara, Deepak
    The delivery of macromolecules through dermal and transdermal routes presents both significant challenges and transformative opportunities in therapeutic applications. This review highlights the most recent advancements and innovative strategies aimed at overcoming the barriers associated with macromolecular delivery. Cutting-edge approaches such as the use of adjuvants (e.g., hyaluronic acid-based and chemical penetration enhancers), bioactive peptides with diverse functionalities, and mechanical force techniques—including iontophoresis, microneedles, and electroporation—are thoroughly explored. While various strategies have been implemented to enhance skin delivery, they often present significant challenges, particularly for macromolecules. Addressing these challenges requires integrating novel technologies and understanding the interplay between biological barriers and delivery mechanisms. Furthermore, the role of nanotechnology, through systems like nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, and transferosomes, is examined for its ability to protect macromolecules and regulate their release. Notably, this review provides unique perspectives on the interplay between these strategies and their potential to revolutionise future therapeutics. By highlighting key trends and advancements in macromolecule delivery, this review underscores the importance of innovative approaches in overcoming existing barriers and enabling efficient drug administration.
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    Unlocking the potential of photodynamic therapy in Psoriasis: Mechanistic insights, wide-ranging applications, challenges and future directions
    (Elsevier, 2025-10) Rao, Venkatesh K.P.; Jain, Ankit; Rao, Venkatesh K.P.
    Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder involving the interaction of genetic factors and environmental stress which leads to uncontrolled proliferation of keratinocytes and activation of the immune system. Conventional treatment options, including topical therapies, phototherapy, systemic drugs, and biologics, are used based on disease severity. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained attention due to its unique advantages over traditional treatments. PDT relies on three key components i.e. photosensitizer (PS) administered either locally or systemically, specific light irradiation, and molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the damage of photoactivated cells through cellular apoptosis and necrosis. Recent studies have explored innovative PSs and delivery strategies to enhance the efficacy of PDT in psoriasis. Emerging research highlights the potential of PDT to suppress keratinocyte proliferation and modulate inflammatory pathways, such as JAK/STAT inhibition via ROS-mediated upregulation of SOCS1/3. Innovative delivery strategies and photosensitizers, including chlorin e6, IR820, ZnPc-F7, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), have been developed to enhance selectivity, reduce treatment-associated discomfort, and improve skin penetration. Nanocarrier systems, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles, polydopamine-based platforms, and lipid-based nanocarriers, have enabled synergistic photochemotherapy and dual photothermal-photodynamic approaches, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes by inducing apoptosis, restoring skin barrier function, and attenuating proinflammatory signaling. This review highlights PDT principles, mechanisms, approved PSs, and emerging combinations. Despite its promising effects, PDT remains underutilized in psoriasis, demanding further research and nanotech-driven optimization for patient-friendly therapies.
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    Recent trends in nanotechnology for sustainable living and environment:
    (Springer, 2023) Roy, Banasri; Ghosh, Sarbani; Etika, Krishna Chitanya
    This book presents the select proceedings of International Conference on Nanotechnology for Sustainable Living and Environment (ICON-NSLE 2022). It covers the latest trends in nanotechnology and its applications in various sectors such as energy, environment, food technology, and biomedicine. Various topics covered in this book are nanomaterial preparation and characterization, nanobiotechnology, nanodevices, waste to wealth, pollution abatement, renewable energy, advanced materials, sensors and portable electronics, biomedical applications, food preservation, etc. This book is useful for researchers and professionals working in the area of nanotechnology and environment sustainability.
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    Nanoparticle-based materials for wound management
    (Elsevier, 2024) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    Nanotechnology is an approach where nanoscale materials are biomedically used for the prevention of various diseases and infections. Their smaller size and larger surface area make them appropriate for various applications. Nanomaterials have immense potential for being used intrinsically or as nanocarriers to accelerate the process of wound healing and prevent any further bacterial contamination. In recent decades, research on nano-based therapies has reduced the incidence of acute and chronic infections which may lead to life-threatening situations if left untreated. Nanomaterials exist in various forms and structures such as nanospheres, nanocolloids, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, and nanocarriers, which can be fabricated using different technologies such as electrospinning and further could be potentially used as antimicrobial agents. In this chapter, we have demonstrated the advantages of using nanoparticles combined with traditional methodologies. Besides, we have elucidated the innovative strategies which use nanomaterials as either organic or inorganic nanoparticles. Further in-depth analytical reviews and future clinical experiments are necessarily required because existing wound healing therapies are not sufficient to provide excellent outcomes.
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    Biomedical applications of nano-biosensor
    (Springer, 2022-03) Jain, Ankit
    Nano-biosensors have wide applications in several fields as they impart sensitivity, effectiveness, portability, compatibility, stability, viability, flexibility, and reliability. Indeed, the emergence of new techniques in biotechnology, custom-made bio-elements, and their biocompatibility, and nanotechnology played a fundamental role in the designing of nanocomposite biosensors. Therefore, nano-bio sensors have tremendous opportunities in biomedicine, healthcare (lab-o-chip diagnosis, patient’s drug compliance), personalized medicine, biotechnology, drug delivery, food processing industry, microbiology, agriculture, and defense services also. Now, traditional medical practices can be explored and advanced more with nano-biosensors by facilitating early ultrasensitive diagnosis, extended monitoring of disease biomarkers, diagnosis, treatment, in point-of-care devices and at-home healthcare instrumentation, and in timely therapy decisions. While compiling this chapter, the focus was placed on highlighted up-to-date research and commercialization of nano-biosensors in the biomedical area.
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    Current developments in the use of nanotechnology to enhance the generation of sustainable bioenergy
    (Elsevier, 2025-04) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
    The growing need for sustainable energy alternatives and the environmental impact of fossil fuel use has driven the search for more efficient bioenergy production methods. Lignocellulosic biomass is a key renewable resource, but its intricate structure presents significant challenges in conversion to biofuels. Nanotechnology deals with advanced solutions to these hurdles by improving biomass pre-treatment, enhancing the efficiency of biofuel generation, and refining downstream processing methods. This review article explores the role of several nanomaterials (such as carbon-based materials (graphene, carbon nanotubes), metal nanoparticles (iron oxide, nickel oxide), and advanced structures like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)) in advancing bioenergy generation. These nanomaterials, along with their higher surface area and unique catalytic properties, meaningfully increase enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial activity, and overall conversion efficacy. Recent developments in the field have revealed that nanocatalysts can intensify biofuel yields by up to 80 %, improving enzyme stability and allowing for repeated use of catalysts. However, numerous challenges need to be addressed, including the higher costs associated with nanomaterial production, issues of scalability, and concerns about the potential environmental effect of these materials. To overcome these burdens, further intensive research is needed to develop more eco-friendly, biodegradable nanomaterials and establish consistent conventions for their safe and sustainable use in the bioenergy process. This review article highlights the critical role of nanotechnology in the future of bioenergy production and offers a detailed analysis of recent achievements, trends, and future directions. The outcomes of this study aim to stimulate continued innovation in nanotechnology applications, paving the way for more sustainable bioenergy solutions and reducing the carbon footprint in the global scenario.
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    Emerging trends of nanotechnology in advanced cosmetics
    (Elsevier, 2022-06) Pandey, Murali Monohar; Singhvi, Gautam
    The cosmetic industry is dynamic and ever-evolving. Especially with the introduction and incorporation of nanotechnology-based approaches into cosmetics for evincing novel formulations that confers aesthetic as well as therapeutic benefits. Nanocosmetics acts via numerous delivery mechanisms which involves lipid nanocarrier systems, polymeric or metallic nanoparticles, nanocapsules, dendrimers, nanosponges,etc. Each of these, have particular characteristic properties, which facilitates increased drug loading, enhanced absorption, better cosmetic efficacy, and many more. This article discusses the different classes of nanotechnology-based cosmetics and the nanomaterials used for their formulation, followed by outlining the categories of nanocosmetics and the scope of their utility pertaining to skin, hair, nail, lip, and/or dental care and protection thereof. This review also highlights and discusses about the key drivers of the cosmetic industry and the impending need of corroborating a healthy regulatory framework, refocusing attention towards consumer needs and trends, inculcating sustainable techniques and tenets of green ecological principles, and lastly making strides in nano-technological advancements which will further propel the growth of the cosmetic industry.
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    Multifunctional nanocrystals for cancer therapy: a potential nanocarrier
    (Elsevier, 2019) Singhvi, Gautam
    Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems offer an unprecedented opportunity for tumor targeting. Nanocrystals are carrier-free crystalline nanosized solid drug particles. Due to high drug loading (as high as 100%), and being free of organic solvents or surfactants or polymers or solubilizing chemicals, nanocrystals have attracted great attention in the field of drug delivery for treatment of various cancers. Additionally, the hybrid or multifunctional nanocrystal has been extensively investigated for applications in experimental as well as clinical settings to improve delivery efficiency of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. This review gives an overview of recent advances and current status of nanocrystals, especially with respect to the method of preparations, physicochemical characterizations, in vitro/in vivo performance, scale-up techniques and applications in the field of drug delivery for different tumor targeting. Recently much attention has been given to multifunctional nanocrystals showing the capability to codeliver multiple components that target the drug delivery by surface functionalization, performing therapy as well as diagnosis. Preparative techniques like high-pressure homogenization, precipitation, and media milling have been known to show large-scale production of nanocrystals. High therapeutic applications of nanoparticles enable its administration through various routes like oral, parenteral, pulmonary, dermal, and ocular. Along with preparation and characterization, this review will dwell on the progress involved with multifunctional nanocrystals for cancer therapy and theranostics. Most available results in multifunctional nanocrystal targeting rely upon in vitro and animal models, which do not match the actual environment of the tumor in the body, which is one of the major obstacles. Other challenges faced when it comes to nanocrystals are scale-up and reproducibility. In addition, potential problems and possible future research directions for the advancement of newer techniques of multifunctional nanocrystals that make them highly suitable for tumor targeted are highlighted in this review
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    Nanocarriers For Drug Delivery: Mini Review
    (Bentham Science, 2018) Singhvi, Gautam
    Nanocarriers have been a part of drug delivery for some decades now. Due to the enormous advantages offered by them, they are replacing the conventionally available systems.
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    Regulatory aspects in process development and scale-up of nanopharmaceuticals
    (Future Science Group, 2020-04) Singhvi, Gautam