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    Thermal Energy Storage Properties of Hybrid Nanocomposite–Embedded Phase Change Material for Sustainable Buildings
    (Scientific net, 2014) Parameshwaran, R.
    The thermal properties of the new copper–titania hybrid nanocomposite embedded organic ester phase change material (HNPCM) were analyzed experimentally. The surface functionalized hybrid nanocomposite (HyNC) embedded into the PCM has effectively created the densely packed network of thermal interfaces in the PCM matrix layers. The experimental results suggest that, the incorporation of the HyNC has enabled the HNPCM to exhibit improved thermal conductivity (0.347 W/m K), congruent phase transition temperature (freezing: 33.53ᵒC, melting: 35.32 ᵒC), high latent heat capacity (freezing: 109.05 kJ/kg, melting: 109.14 kJ/kg) and considerable reduction in (freezing time: 21.2%, melting time: 29.2%). The improved thermal properties being achieved facilitate the HNPCM to be considered as a viable thermal storage material for high performance and sustainable building cooling and heating applications.
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    Dimethyl Adipate-Based Microencapsulated Phase Change Material with Silica Shell for Cool Thermal Energy Storage
    (Springer, 2020-11) Parameshwaran, R.
    Phase change materials (PCM) have the ability to store and release thermal energy. Encapsulation of these energy storage materials overcomes the difficulties that can enable them for a broad range of applications. In the present study, microencapsulation of dimethyl adipate into silica shell was carried through interfacial hydrolysis and polycondensation method. The prepared microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) were characterised using a field emission scanning electron microscope, have shown good sphericity with an average particle size of 596 nm. The chemical structure of MPCM obtained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has exhibited good chemical stability between shell and core materials. Latent heat of enthalpy measured using differential scanning calorimetry was around 24 kJ/kg with onset melting and end set melting as 7.33 °C and 11.97 °C, respectively. Furthermore, thermo-gravimetric analysis studies have shown that MPCM exhibited end set temperatures as 180 °C. Due to the inorganic shell coating over the PCM droplets, MPCM has shown an increase in thermal stability. These properties make MPCM as a viable candidate for cool thermal energy storage applications.
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    Study on thermal properties of an eco-friendly phase change material for roof cooling application in buildings
    (Begell House, 2019) Parameshwaran, R.
    The continuous development of huge and elegant building structures has paved way for the extensive usage of energy sources. Across the spectrum of energy efficient technologies, the concept of thermal energy storage (TES) using the phase change material (PCM) has been constantly receiving huge acclamation from both the scientific and engineering perspectives, worldwide. It is worthwhile to study, in detail, the characteristic aspects of the eco-friendly organic PCMs, which in turn are expected to perform better in terms of achieving passive thermal storage potential as well as energy efficiency, without compromising the structural integrity of the building. The present work is aimed at analysing the thermal properties of an eco-friendly organic PCM (cetyl alcohol: C16H34O) for achieving passive thermal storage, energy efficiency and structural integrity through roof cooling application in buildings. Characterization of the proposed PCM was carried out using the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermal conductivity analyzer, viscometer and thermal energy storage experimental facility. The experiments conducted revealed that the PCM has exhibited an onset melting temperature of 48.94 °C and a high latent heat of 237.64 J/g, low thermal conductivity suitable for roof cooling application along with low viscosities at different temperatures indicating the good workability. Characteristic compressive strength of the samples was initially dropped, but it was found to be unaltered with further addition of the PCM. Based on the test results obtained, the cetyl alcohol can be considered as a promising eco-friendly PCM candidate for the passive roof cooling application without sacrificing the energy efficiency in buildings.
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    Experimental Study on PCM-Based External Wall Cladding for Energy Efficient Buildings
    (Springer, 2020-01) Parameshwaran, R.
    The present work reports the experimental investigation of the phase change material (PCM) incorporated into the external wall claddings for achieving energy conservation in building through a passive cooling application. Three types of wall claddings of size 458 mm × 458 mm (1.5 ft × 1.5 ft) in dimension were developed in this experimental study. Lauric acid was utilized as the PCM to be incorporated into the wall claddings. Experimental results suggest that the lauric acid exhibited good latent heat potential, congruent phase change processes, and was thermally stable within operating temperature ranges. Furthermore, it was concluded that out of three cladding types being tested, the percentage drop of air temperature was more in composite wall cladding and the percentage drop of heat flux was more in aluminum box cladding with PCM and coarse aggregate. In total, the cladding incorporated with the PCM was found to be the potential candidate for the enhancement of energy efficiency in building through passive thermal storage and cooling load reduction.
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    Preparation, thermal and structural properties of n-octadecane/melamine formaldehyde nanocapsules embedded cement mortar for energy storage application in buildings
    (Elsevier, 2022) Parameshwaran, R.
    Phase change materials (PCM) integrated into building fabrics plays an important role in achieving energy efficiency in buildings through thermal energy storage. The incorporation of nanotechnology-based heat storage materials into building fabric materials are becoming increasingly popular in recent times. From this perspective, a novel nanoencapsulated PCM (NePCM) embedded cement mortar was developed and its thermal energy storage and structural properties were investigated, experimentally. In-situ polymerization technique was used to prepare the nanocapsule containing n-Octadecane as the PCM and melamine formaldehyde as the shell material. The particle size analysis results reveal that the size of NePCM ranged from 76 nm to 530 nm. The NePCM resulted in an appreciable encapsulation efficiency of 60.14 % with a melting temperature and latent heat of fusion of 26.01 °C and 122.24 kJ/kg, respectively. The NePCM exhibited good chemical and thermal stability. The pure PCM and the NePCM were embedded into cement mortar with varying proportions for the preparation of cube specimens and based on which a comparative study was performed. During curing the cube specimens for 28 days, leakage of the pure PCM from the cement mortar was noticed to some extent. On the other hand, no leakage issues were found in the NePCM embedded cement mortar, as a result of the shell material which protected the PCM from leaking. The PCM and NePCM embedded cement mortar cube specimens exhibited an excellent compressive strength of 56.8 MPa and 48.16 MPa, respectively. However, by increasing to 6 wt% of PCM content in cement mortar, the cube samples of PCM embedded cement mortar compressive strength was reduced to 44.41 %. Thus, the developed NePCM with improved thermal and structural properties can achieve enhanced energy storage and passive cooling in buildings without sacrificing the structural stability.
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    Nanomaterial-Based PCM Composites for Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings
    (Springer, 2016-02) Parameshwaran, R.
    Energy efficiency in buildings is a vital factor to be addressed in every stages of development of building envelopes, since buildings consume almost one-third to one-quarter of energy being produced globally. In the spectrum of techniques available to cater the building cooling and heating load demands, there has been a continuous quest toward latent thermal energy storage (LTES) systems for achieving energy redistribution requirements in buildings. The interesting fact about the LTES systems relies on the phase change materials (PCMs) being used to store and release heat energy depending upon the thermal load demand. A step ahead, the utilization of nanomaterials paves the way for accomplishing enhanced thermal performance of such PCMs on a long run. This chapter is exclusively dedicated to provide better understanding of a variety of nanomaterial-based PCM composites for thermal energy storage and energy efficiency in buildings. This is an ever-growing as well as emerging field of interest to wide scientific and engineering communities globally. The nucleus of this chapter is focused on the enhancement of thermal energy storage capabilities of NanoPCM composites which would contribute for achieving improved energy efficiency in buildings.
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    Bio-based hexadecanol impregnated fly-ash aggregate as novel shape stabilized phase change material for solar thermal energy storage
    (Elsevier, 2022) Parameshwaran, R.
    In light of a variety of latent heat storage materials being available, the concept of utilization of organic PCMs for solar thermal energy storage (STES) is becoming increasingly attractive during the recent past. From this perspective, the present study is aimed at developing a new bio-based shape stabilized phase change material (BSPCM) for achieving passive cooling in buildings through STES. An eco-friendly BSPCM composite, consisting of the hexadecanol as the PCM and the modified porous fly ash-based pebbles as the supporting matrix, was prepared using the vacuum impregnation technique. The prepared BSPCM was then characterized thoroughly with respect to its morphology, crystal and surface structures, phase change properties, thermal stability, leakage stability, thermal conductivity and thermal reliability.
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    Thermal Energy Storage Technologies
    (Springer, 2013-10) Parameshwaran, R.
    Energy, the lifeline of all activities is highly regarded to be conserved at every step of the growing engineering and the stupendous technological activities for ensuring the congruent economic development of a country. The gap present between the energy generation and the energy consumption keeps expanding with a precipitous increase in the demand for the energy, especially in the infrastructure and construction sectors. From this perspective, the incessant value-added engineering designs from the scheme inception to the construction are to be primarily necessitated, for enhancing the energy savings potential and energy efficiency in the new as well as in the refurbishment of building structures. Albeit there are several measures available to minimize the net energy consumption in buildings, there is still a need for an efficient system which can shift the thermal load demand during the on-peak to off-peak conditions, without losing energy conservative potential. In this context, the thermal energy storage (TES) systems are primarily intended for enhancing the performance of the cooling and heating systems in terms of storing and releasing heat energy on short-term or diurnal or seasonal basis, depending on the thermal load requirements experienced in buildings. The incorporation of renewable energy-based seasonal TES systems can collectively contribute for achieving enhanced energy performance on a long term, which would take forward the new and the existing building refurbishment designs towards the nearly zero-energy concepts.
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    Bio-based phase-change materials
    (Elsevier, 2020) Parameshwaran, R.
    The development and subsequent incorporation of the advanced materials and technologies in buildings, with a view to target energy savings, and to fulfill the energy requirements have been gaining impetus during the recent years. The inherent vision lying behind the state-of-the-art technological advancements taking place in the construction sector is to sustain the energy efficiency in both existing and newly developed buildings on a long run. Thermal energy storage (TES), achieved through the phase-change materials (PCMs), is one among a few energy-efficient technologies available. The energy demand at the end-user side can be greatly satisfied using the TES technologies. Using bio-based PCMs in buildings is considered to be an ever-growing as well as an emerging field of interest to wider scientific and engineering communities, worldwide. This chapter is devoted to provide an in-depth understanding of a variety of bio-based PCMs for accomplishing thermal storage and energy efficiency in buildings. The nucleus of this chapter is focused on the TES properties enhancement for a variety of bio-based PCMs through the incorporation of different functional materials thereby; energy efficiency in buildings can be achieved.
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    Micro/nanoencapsulation of dimethyl adipate with melamine formaldehyde shell as phase change material slurries for cool thermal energy storage
    (Elsevier, 2022-06) Parameshwaran, R.
    The present study reports the encapsulation of dimethyl adipate into a polymer shell using in-situ polymerisation. Surface morphology, crystal structure, chemical stability, and thermal properties are characterised using various analytical methods and experimentally investigated. The surface morphology has shown excellent sphericity with a mean particle diameter of 900 nm. The measured enthalpy was 80.2 J/g, with the onset and peak melting temperatures are 6.4 °C and 9.6 °C, respectively. The calculated specific heat capacities of encapsulated dimethyl adipate are around 1.7 J/g.K and 2.3 J/g.K for solid and liquid states, respectively. Furthermore, thermal cycling performance was obtained as 95.3% after 100 thermal cycles. These capsules dispersed into the base fluid (deionized double distilled water) in appropriate proportions for the preparation of micro/nanoencapsulated phase change material slurries (MNPCMS). The prepared slurries have shown a marginal increase in viscosity compared to the base fluid. Therefore, the test results signified that the prepared MNPCMS can be considered as a potential candidate for cool thermal energy storage applications.