BITS Faculty Publications

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Cloud computing

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    Decentralized trust: NFT and blockchain-enabled evidence system using fog computing
    (Elsevier, 2025-06) Chamola, Vinay
    Evidence plays a crucial role in judicial systems, and managing it securely and efficiently ensures justice. This paper introduces Decentralized Trust, a framework that combines blockchain technology, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), and fog computing to address common issues like tampering, delays, and reliance on centralized systems. Traditional methods that depend on cloud computing often face high latency and slow processing, especially in remote areas. This research also builds upon the challenges identified in previous studies, such as tampering vulnerabilities, inefficiencies in evidence processing, and accessibility issues in underserved regions, providing a novel and comprehensive solution through Decentralized Trust. Fog computing handles tasks closer to where data is created, reducing delays and improving response times. Blockchain ensures that evidence records cannot be altered, while NFTs make each piece of evidence unique and tamper-proof. The framework is organized into layers: edge nodes at police stations capture evidence, fog nodes process the data and create NFTs, and cloud storage, supported by the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), provides secure long-term storage. Results demonstrate that the framework achieves average transaction delays of 24.5 seconds on low-performance devices (Node A) and 168.9 seconds on high-performance devices (Node B), with margins of error showing efficient scalability even under significant processing loads. The observed transaction delays are due to differences in system architecture and processing priorities. High-performance devices (Node B) have more complex validation processes, increased security checks, or resource contention, contributing to longer transaction times. By combining these technologies, Decentralized Trust offers a reliable, fast, and secure way to manage judicial evidence, building trust in the framework while addressing the needs of remote and underserved areas.
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    Fuzzy Logic and AI-Powered, SDR Relay for Secure and Efficient Cooperative Radio Communication
    (IEEE, 2024) Bitragunta, Sainath; Bhatia, Ashuthosh
    In this article, we develop a novel approach that leverages the capabilities of fuzzy logic and artificial intelligence (AI) to develop an intelligent, efficient cooperative RCN. Software defined radio (SDR) is flexible, scalable, and reconfigurable. Considering heterogeneous radio communication networks (RCNs), conventional relays do not perform well due to their limitations (security vulnerabilities in cooperative Internet-of-Things (IoT), inefficiencies in half-duplex relaying, etc.). We propose an AI-powered, fuzzy logic-based SDR relay to address these issues. These intelligent relays could be useful and outperform conventional relays due to their adaptability and reconfigurabilty, with added intelligence based on AI and fuzzy logic. The proposed next generation SDR relays offer significant advantages over traditional relays and have the potential to revolutionize the field of radio communication. Specifically, we analyze the decimation technique in SDR signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) resampler, Mamdani fuzzy logic controller, and use a machine learning (ML) model that uses RADIOML data set. Based on the simulation results, we show that applying fuzzy logic with an ML-enabled SDR relay could improve energy efficiency and reliability performance in advanced radio networks.
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    A Digital Twin Based Framework for Real-Time Machine Condition Monitoring
    (IEEE, 2023) Choudhury, Madhurjya Dev
    Condition Monitoring (CM) is an important approach to extending the life of complex equipment by forecasting the outcome of an event before catastrophic failure occurs. Recent advancements in digital twins (DT) offer additional benefits to machine condition monitoring. In this study, a framework based on DT for real-time condition monitoring of industrial machines is proposed. The multi-layer DT framework consists of a physical entity (PE), virtual equipment (VE), edge device, fidelity service and digital twin services. The virtual equipment is a replica of the physical entity or the monitored machine. It also contains a cloud platform to store data online and an application to interface with the cloud enabling users to check the data remotely. The fidelity service ensures conformity between the PE and the VE. The digital service provides optimal operation and maintenance schedules based on the data from both physical and virtual spaces. The integration of the edge layer enables real-time handling of high-frequency machine data for effective health monitoring. The validity of the proposed framework is demonstrated with a case study based on monitoring a critical component of an industrial drivetrain test rig. The features of the framework allow end-users to visualize the component's real-time health status remotely.
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    A cyber physical production system framework for online monitoring, visualization and control by using cloud, fog, and edge computing technologies
    (Taylor & Francis, 2023-03) Sangwan, Kuldip Singh
    Cyber physical production system (CPPS) is an essential prerequisite to facilitate online monitoring, visualization, and control in a smart manufacturing system. The goal of this paper is to provide a proof of concept by proposing a CPPS framework, based on complementing cloud, fog and edge computing technologies, to demonstrate the real-time online monitoring, visualization, and control of a conventional 3D printer. The proposed methodology was successfully used for online detection and control of part defects, filament runouts, and smoke generation. The proposed methodology was also used to acquire, monitor, and visualize energy consumption, relative humidity, temperature, volatile organic compounds, particulate matters, and acceleration during 3D printing. The present work utilizes the computing technologies where they do not compete, but instead complement each other to enable intelligent capabilities and online sharing of resources which are scalable, reliable, and efficient. The proposed CPPS framework can be extended to provide low-cost solutions to micro, small and medium enterprises to convert their traditional critical equipment for real-time monitoring, visualization, control, and analytics
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    Sensor Information Processing for Wearable IoT Devices
    (Springer, 2019-11) Shenoy, Meetha V.
    Sensing technology is one of the core enablers of IoT and the improvement in sensing technology has lead to the proliferation of small form-factor, cost-effective and accurate sensors for wide variety of wearable applications. With wearable devices receiving widespread acceptance, their requirements are becoming more demanding, with the focus shifting from simple monitoring to context aware intelligent devices. This chapter presents a comprehensive description of the technical opportunities and challenges in the design of sensor information processing systems for wearables. A systematic survey of the state of the art architectures for sensor fusion for different application classes of wearable’s is presented. A discussion on design considerations for architecting sensor processing systems, including hardware, networking protocols, and algorithms at the edge, cloud level is provided. The chapter is concluded with a discussion on innovation directions in smart sensing and information processing in wearable devices.
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    FPGA for 5G: Re-configurable Hardware for Next Generation Communication
    (IEEE, 2020-06) Chamola, Vinay
    Next generation communication relies on standardized protocols, heterogeneous architectures and advanced technologies that are envisioned to bring ubiquitous and seamless connectivity. This evolution of communication will not only improve the performance of the existing networks, but will also enable various applications in other fields while integrating different heterogeneous systems. This massive scaling of mobile communication requires higher bandwidth to operate. 5G promises a robust solution by offering ultra-low latency and high bandwidth for data transmission. To provide individuals and companies with a real-time, social, and all connected experience, an end-to-end coordinated architecture which is agile and intelligent has to be designed at each stage. As FPGA has the potential to be resource/power efficient, it can be used for building up constituents of 5G infrastructure. It can accelerate network performance without making a large investment in new hardware. Dynamic reconfigurability and in-field programming features of FPGAs compared to fixed function ASICs help in developing better wireless systems. This article presents various application areas of FPGAs for the upcoming 5G network planning.
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    Latency aware mobile task assignment and load balancing for edge cloudlets
    (IEEE, 2017) Chamola, Vinay; Chalapathi, G.S.S.
    With the various technological advances, mobile devices are not just being used as a means to make voice calls; but are being used to accomplish a variety of tasks. Mobile devices are being envisioned to practically accomplish any task which could be done on a computer. This is hurdled by the limited computational resources available with the mobile devices due to their portable size. With the mobile devices being connected to the Internet, leveraging cloud services is being seen as a promising solution to overcome this hurdle. Computationally intensive tasks can be offloaded to the Cloud servers. However, owing to the latency and cost associated with using cloud services, edge devices (termed cloudlets) stationed near the mobile devices are being seen as a prospective alternative to replace/assist the Cloud services. The mobile devices have an easier access to the cloudlets being situated in their vicinity and can offload their task requests to them to be served at a lower cost. This paper considers a network of such connected cloudlets which provide service to the mobile devices in a given area. We address the issue of task assignment in such a scenario (i.e. which cloudlet serves which mobile device) aimed towards improving the quality of service experienced by the mobile devices in terms of minimizing the latency. Through numerical simulations we demonstrate the performance gains of the proposed task assignment scheme showing lower latency as compared to the traditional scheme for task assignment.
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    A Survey on Supply Chain Security: Application Areas, Security Threats, and Solution Architectures
    (IEEE, 2021-04) Chamola, Vinay
    The rapid improvement in the global connectivity standards has escalated the level of trade taking place among different parties. Advanced communication standards are allowing the trade of all types of commodities and services. Furthermore, the goods and services developed in a particular region are transcending boundaries to enter into foreign markets. Supply chains play an essential role in the trade of these goods. To be able to realize a connected world with no boundary restrictions in terms of goods and services, it is imperative to keep the associated supply chains transparent, secure, and trustworthy. Therefore, some fundamental changes in the current supply chain architecture are essential to achieve a secure trade environment. This article discusses the supply chain's security-critical application areas and presents a detailed survey of the security issues in the existing supply chain architecture. Various emerging technologies, such as blockchain, machine learning (ML), and physically unclonable functions (PUFs) as solutions to the vulnerabilities in the existing infrastructure of the supply chain have also been discussed. Recent studies reviewed in this work reveal a growing sentiment in the industry toward new and emerging technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and ML. While many organizations have already adopted IoT applications and artificial intelligence systems in their businesses, widespread adoption of blockchain remains distant. It has also been found that over the past decade, PUF-based authentication systems have gained much ground. However, a proper reference model for their implementation in complex supply chains is still missing.
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    Workflow Scheduling In Clouds Using Randomized Scheduling Algorithm
    (IJPAM, 2018) Jangiti, Saikishor
    The provisioning of on-demand resources makes it optimal for executing scientific application workflows in cloud computing. An application starts the process with a small number of resources, and it allocates the resources when required. However, workflow scheduling belongs to NP-hard class of problems, so optimization techniques are preferred for the solution. This paper explores the effect of a Randomized scheduling algorithm in workflow scheduling for the scheduling problem. The use of Randomized scheduling algorithm in comparison with other scheduling algorithms increases the efficiency of workflow scheduling in various scientific workflows and simulators. The experimental result confirms that the Randomized scheduling algorithm well performed than other scheduling approaches and provides better scheduling with reduced makespan.
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    Bulk-bin-packing based migration management of reserved virtual machine requests for green cloud computing
    (European Alliance for Innovation, 2019) Jangiti, Saikishor
    The dynamic consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs) into a minimum number of Physical Machines (PMs) is a key energy-efficient practice in a cloud data centre, to reduce the running PMs and save electricity costs. We proposed a migration based VM consolidation approach for reserved requests. Real Dataset EC2 was used in the simulation experiments. The proposed BBPMM has demonstrated the elastic capability of adjusting the running PMs and it reduced 38% of running PMs in a reservation transition period.