BITS Faculty Publications

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    Is the choice of less-polluting modes of transport for non-work purposes affected by socio-demographic factors? Evidence from India
    (Emerald, 2021-05) Rao, N.V.M.
    Using survey data of a developing country city, this study aims to examine the impact of different socio-demographic factors on the choice of less-polluting modes of transport for purposes other than work.
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    Socio-economic- and Gender-based Differentials in Choice of Sustainable Mode of Transport: Evidence from Jaipur, India
    (Sage, 2021-03) Rao, N.V.M.
    Climate change, fuelled by the growing transportation sector, is a pressing global challenge. There is a need to promote such a system of transportation, which is not only efficient but also sustainable. Using descriptive statistics complemented with a logit model of choice probabilities implemented on survey data from a city in a developing country, this study aims to examine the impact ‘of different socio-economic factors on the choice of sustainable modes of transport while also highlighting how these choices are different for men and women—the group of working population, those with the highest level of education, the group which is the most socio-economically well-off and the population of men most unlikely to prefer sustainable modes of transport. The study emphasizes the need to incorporate the varying demands of different socio-economic groups while formulating transportation policies so as to hamper neither the goal of sustainability nor the goal of women empowerment.
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    Role of safety in declining public transport use: Empirical evidence from India
    (Emerald, 2023-11) Rao, N.V.M.
    Using primary survey data from an urban area in Global North, this study aims to examine the impact of sociodemographic factors on perception of usefulness of public transport and the importance of safety in preferring private modes of transport over public.
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    Gender gap in travel behaviour and public opinion on proposed policy measures: Evidence from India
    (Wiley, 2023-01) Rao, N.V.M.
    Employing primary survey data collected from Jaipur city in India, this work attempts to evaluate inconsistencies in travel behaviour based on gender. It also intends to discuss the public opinion on a few proposed policy changes which can aid in bridging the established gender gap. Stratified random sampling approach is used to gather data on travel pattern measures and socioeconomic attributes. Descriptive statistics complemented with bivariate probit model and seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model is applied on the data acquired. The obtained results confirm the existence of a gender gap in all observed measures of travel behaviour. Compared to men, women travel shorter distances, use more of non-motorised modes of transport, have lower frequency of travelling, and travel majorly for purposes other than work. Results of the study also highlight how a majority of the respondents are in favour of policy changes aimed at narrowing the observed gender disparities. The analysis demands infrastructural development of non-motorised transportation and public transportation in the city in such a way which is both efficient and secured, so as to neither obstruct the objective of empowerment nor of sustainability.
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    Mathematical and Scientific Abilities of Students: A Study on Gender and Cognitive Functioning
    (RRIJM, 2021-01) Shukla, Tanu; Nirban, Virendra Singh
    The world is currently witnessing a shift of emphasis from learning outcomes to achieving gender equality in both performance and participation in education. Existing data indicates that the expansion of equitable resources does not necessarily translate into higher enrolment rate of female students in schools. This study aims to assess the differences in cognitive functioning and learning outcomes of male and female students by using Mathematics and Science achievement test. Data from two districts of extreme nature was collected to address the objectives of the study. The results portray that despite standing low on access and enrolment, female students stand above or equal to male students on performance in Mathematics and Science abilities.
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    Environmentally sustainable consumption awareness among children: an empirical study
    (Inder Science, 2020) Rani, Leela
    Rising environmental deterioration and consequent environmental concern led to emergence of sustainability. Sustainable consumption behaviour encompasses all stages of traditional consumption {purchase, use and dispose off}, was redefined and reconceptualise to arrive at new frameworks of sustainable consumption. Within this frame work the role of education to create awareness and understanding has been widely acknowledged. With this backdrop, current study was designed to investigate awareness level of ESCB among primary school children. The current study investigates if the demographic variables have any influence on ESCB awareness. Results showed that at an overall level both gender and type of school had significant correlation with ESCB awareness levels. Gender and school type did not have significant correlation with reuse. This study has important implications for marketers, school authorities and education policymakers who can use the framework for in-depth investigation across the four phases of sustainable consumption process applicable to school children.
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    A World Without Gender." Sociological Perspectives, edited by Constance L. Shehan, Gale, 2017. Gale Researcher, Cengage Publishers
    (Cengage Learning India, 2017) Das, Madhurima
    To envision a post-gender world, it is important to pay some attention to the patterns of gender discrimination that operate in society. Gender is a social construction, meaning that masculinity and femininity are constructed and maintained through social interactions and socialization. The social constructionist framework of gender has created a binary between masculinity and femininity: for example, women are trained to be submissive and men to be aggressive. However there are avenues by which this inequality can be eradicated, both at the micro and the macro social level. Without giving attention to the patterns and systems of gender discrimination that exist in society, a post-gender world remains beyond reach. However, changes can be made at both the macro and the micro levels. At the micro level, it is important to alter the imbalance of labor within the household, where women disproportionately shoulder the household responsibilities. Parenting also operates on a micro level, and in order to attain a post-gender society it is vital to socialize children beyond the gender binaries. At the macro level, changes need to happen in the schools, workplace and media. Schools should discourage gender-based bullying, and workplaces need to reduce discrimination against women. Media portrayals of gender have also been problematic for a long time. Television shows and movies legitimize gender binaries, thereby reinforcing gender discrimination. To attain a gender-neutral society, the media rhetoric has to change. At the core of a post-gender society are intersectionality and an appreciation of diversity. As much as we discuss changes in gendered behavior institutionally, it is important to take into account race, nationality, sexuality, and other differences.
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    Emotional Intelligence and Gender Difference in Education: A Critical Analysis
    (An International Journal of Educational and Social Development, 2012-04) Shukla, Tanu
    Emotional Intelligence can be synonymously used as social intelligence. Another vital point which can be considered is that gender of an individual has significant effect on personality and behavioural characteristics. The paper, in this light, attempts to examine the effect of gender differences that interact in complex ways to determine the performance of an individual in any sphere of activity. It also defines the concept of emotional intelligence, describes its models, and also mentions that how emotional quotient is different from intelligence quotient. The present paper, based on the earlier researches, investigates the nature and extent of relationships that exist among emotional intelligence and gender differences. Lastly, it discusses about the varied probable reasons behind the difference of emotional intelligence among students and also throws light in relation to educational implications
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    Queer Discourse in Indic Myths: ‘Other’ Stories from a Gender-Fluid World
    (Re-Markings, 2020-03) Bhattacharya, Sankar Kumar
    Gender and sexuality in the Indic myths have long been a subject of academic research (Brodbeck and Black, 2007; Smith, 1985; Dumezil, 1988; Hiltebeital, 1980). Asexual reproduction has been referred to several times over in The Mahabharata. The celebrated Guru Dronacharya proudly proclaimed that he was born ‘ayonija, i.e. not out of a womb (1:61). The fabled Guru of the Pandavas was born out of a ‘water pot’ (1.120). Guru Kripacharya took birth from a clump of reed (1.120). The commander-in chief of the army of the Devas, Kartikeyan, also called Skanda, was born when Fire met Fire, i.e. from the union of Lord Shiva and God Agni (1.60). The Epic recounts the haunting story of Shikhandi, the trans-gender, who was presented as Shikhandini the princess. In yet another instance of gender-bending The Mahabharata cites the example of King Yuvanashwa who drank the sacred water meant for his wife and gave birth to Mandhata, who in turn was wetnursed by Lord Indra (3:126). Vashishtha, the great sage, was born of two Vedic Gods, Mitra and Varuna (1.59). The Epic makes Arjuna take up the role of Brihannala, the eunuch, who as a warrior saves the fortunes of the Matsya Empire (4: 2). The Epic casts Vishnu as Mohini, the enchantress, who saved the Devas by killing Rahu and Ketu (1:16). It reiterates the Upanishadic rendition of Shiva as the primal ‘Purusha’ who was one with Prakriti, lauding him as ‘Ardhanarishwara’.
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    Traversing the women entrepreneurship in South Asia: A journey of Indian startups through Lucite ceiling phenomenon
    (Emerald, 2018-03) Chouhan, Gajendra Singh; Shukla, Tanu
    Marginalization of women in STEM sectors is a widely discussed trend that has percolated into the corporate sector. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that act as barriers to entry to female entrepreneurs and to understand the impact of these factors in the context of startup landscape. The scope of this paper covers chiefly first-generation entrepreneurs while elaborating the presence of the Lucite ceiling effect. It aims to categorize and elucidate the responsible variables while developing a model for the same.