BITS Faculty Publications

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    Advancements of solar energy research in the context of SDG-7 attainment: a bibliometric analysis using spar-4-slr protocol
    (IEEE, 2025-05) Agarwal, Shivi; Mathur, Trilok
    Renewable energy sources, free of environmental risks, are vital for achieving net-zero CO2 emissions and addressing climate change to meet Sustainable Development Goals. This study explores the evolution of solar energy research using bibliographic coupling and keyword co-occurrence analysis of 6,460 articles from 1988 to 2024. The findings reveal a significant increase in solar power-related publications, with China leading in research output, followed by the United States and India. Top journals include Renewable Energy and Energies, with a growing focus on Energy and Engineering. This analysis serves as a vital reference for solar energy researchers and professionals.
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    A geospatial integrated multi-criteria approach for assessment of solar and wind energy potentials with economic and environmental analysis
    (AIP, 2023-12) Digalwar, Abhijeet Kumar
    India has made an international commitment to generate about 50% of its total energy needs from renewable energy sources by 2030. Here, to meet such a commitment, this study developed high-resolution (1 × 1 km2) geospatial solar and wind geographical potential maps with an aim to calculate the theoretical and technical potentials with economic and environmental sustainability. These geographical potential maps are developed by taking into account 13 evaluation and restriction factors pertaining to technical, economic, and socio-environmental categories. The investigation identifies that Rajasthan, Karnataka, and Gujarat have a plurality of extremely favorable land areas for solar and wind energy sources. Furthermore, the results imply that appropriate planning for the installation of renewable projects at the identified optimum locations can fulfill India's commitments with regard to an optimal energy mix scenario, with energy available twice the available potential for consumption in 2030. Furthermore, with the least average levelized cost of energy of 38.8 $/MWh (2.83₹/kWh) and 42.3 $/MWh (3.09₹/kWh), solar and wind energy sources are potentially more appealing and affordable than conventional energy sources. The findings of this study will also significantly advance India's attempts to accept and develop renewable energy sources, helping to realize the government's objective for sustainable electricity production
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    Studies on pumping power in terms of pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of compact plate-fin heat exchangers—A review
    (Elsevier, 2010-01) Ranganayakulu, Chennu
    Renewable energy sources like solar energy, wind energy, etc. are profusely available without any limitation. Heat exchanger is a device to transfer the energy from one fluid to other fluid for many applications in buildings, industries and automotives. The optimum design of heat exchanger for minimum pumping power (i.e., minimum pressure drop) and efficient heat transfer is a great challenge in terms of energy savings point of view. This review focuses on the research and developments of compact offset and wavy plate-fin heat exchangers. The review is summarized under three major sections. They are offset fin characteristics, wavy fin characteristics and non-uniformity of the inlet fluid flow. The various research aspects relating to internal single phase flow studied in offset and wavy fins by the researchers are compared and summarized. Further, the works done on the non-uniformity of this fluid flow at the inlet of the compact heat exchangers are addressed and the methods available to minimize these effects are compared.
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    Exergoeconomic and environmental performance assessment of the solar-assisted thermal power plant
    (Taylor & Francis, 2022-11) Soni, Manoj Kumar
    At a time when global climate change is imposing a mounting challenge to the economy of the world, conventional coal-fired steam power plants are under tremendous pressure to meet severe climatic protocols for achieving the set sustainable development goals. Therefore, this research work investigates the energetic, exergetic, economical and environmental performance of a 330 MWe sub-critical coal-fired thermal power plant integrated with solar thermal energy. The results of energetic and exergetic analyses show that the highest energy efficiency of 38.04% and the highest exergy efficiency of 36.22% are attained for Option 3. The environmental analysis performed using the fuel-saving approach shows that the maximum reduction in coal consumption and CO2 emissions also corresponds to Option 3. The economic analysis showed that for all three replacement options, the levelised cost of electricity is 4.52, 4.47, and 4.63 (Cents/kWh) and the simple payback period is 3.4, 3.3 and 3.6 (years), respectively.
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    Experimental investigation of exergy performance of a water cooled hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector
    (Inder Science, 2020-05) Soni, Manoj Kumar
    In this paper, the performance of a water cooled hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector is evaluated by carrying out experimental exergy analysis by designing and fabricating a hybrid system to provide combined heat and power. The experimentation was carried out for mass flow rates, collectively ranging from 0.083 kg/s to 0.116 kg/s in different configurations. Along with losses and exergy destruction, the exergy efficiency was calculated using three different scenarios, i.e., by excluding exergy losses, by taking exergy losses and destruction and by considering exergy destruction only. On comparison, exergy efficiency for last scenario was observed on higher side and ranged between 48.55% to 61.36%, 41.44% to 55.85% and 35.09% to 48.16% for fixed inner tube flow rate of 0.091 kg/s and varying annulus mass flow rate of 0.008 kg/s, 0.017 kg/s and 0.025 kg/s, respectively. Such hybrid system may provide combined heat and power for semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, India.
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    Exergy analysis of a photovoltaic thermal system with earth water heat exchanger cooling system based on experimental data
    (Inder Science, 2017-08) Soni, Manoj Kumar
    In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the experimental exergetic assessment of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system with novel cooling technology termed as earth water heat exchanger (EWHE) cooling. The exergetic efficiency is calculated by considering of exergy destructions and exergy losses. It was observed that the total exergetic efficiency of PV/T is the function of mass flow rate of cooling water for a given solar radiation. The exergetic efficiency of the PV/T system is calculated in three ways, Case I: excluding exergy losses, Case II: including both exergy losses and exergy destructions and Case III: considering only exergy destructions. The results of all the cases were compared and it was found out that the exergetic efficiency of PV/T in Case III was more than the other two cases and it lies between 24.95% to 25.85% and 24.30% to 25.57% for the flow rate of 0.017 kg/s and 0.025 kg/s respectively.
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    Techno-economic Parametric Assessment of CSP Power Generations Technologies in India
    (Elsevier, 2014) Soni, Manoj Kumar
    India lies in the sunniest regions of the world and has a high potential for solar energy for power generation, given that both technology routes for conversion of solar radiation into heat and electricity. One of the technologies, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) uses direct sunlight, concentrating it to the focus of solar thermal concentrating systems where the light is absorbed by some material surface to produce high temperatures. The CSP can also be used for centralized level with high power requirement. The current work focuses on the parameters required for the commissioning of the Concentrating Solar Power plants in India. Various parameters which were relevant to this technology are identified from the literature review and by discussion with experts. To evaluate those identified parameters and to know the perceptions of key players in this area a survey was conducted. Total of thirty nine relevant parameters are considered and categorized under two aspects, viz technical and economical aspects. The main purpose of the research is to determine how the judgment level for different parameters, varies among different groups. The results of this study may be useful for the decision and policy makers of CSP technologies.
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    Experimental and theoretical analysis of glazed tube-and-sheet photovoltaic/thermal system with earth water heat exchanger cooling
    (Elsevier, 2017-12) Soni, Manoj Kumar
    In the present paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the theoretical and practical performances of the photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system coupled with earth water heat exchanger (EWHE) cooling system for the conditions of semi-arid region of Pilani, Rajasthan. The experimental studies have been performed for different flow rates of cooling water (0.033 kg/s, 0.025 kg/s and 0.017 kg/s) for a typical day climatic conditions. An electrical efficiency comparison was made for two scenarios when the PV panel was connected or disconnected with the thermal collector and found out that the average electrical efficiency of PV/T panels is higher than the normal PV efficiency. The results of the experimental study showed that the maximum PV panel temperature goes up to 73 °C without any cooling. On the other hand, the PV panel temperature drops in the range of 43.68–49.64 °C with the flow rate of 0.033 kg/s. It has been estimated that the electrical and thermal efficiencies of the PV/T system with cooling are in the range of 8.26–8.52% and 44.06–55.45% respectively for flow rate of 0.033 kg/s. The EWHE pipe length of 38 m found to be sufficient for the proposed system. The experimental results are validated with the theoretical model by using basic energy balance equations and found in good agreement with percentage error of 0.91–12.09%.
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    Experimental and theoretical analysis of hybrid concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system using parabolic trough collector
    (Elsevier, 2020-05) Soni, Manoj Kumar
    In the current work, a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic thermal system was designed and coupled with a parabolic trough collector and investigated theoretically and experimentally for combined heat and power output. In the design, a photovoltaic module was mounted on a flat surface of parabolic trough absorber tube having semi cylindrical shape. A provision was made to cool photovoltaic panel from both the surfaces by flowing water through the absorber tube as well as the annulus of between absorber tube and glass cover. The model was developed using first law of the thermodynamics and then validated using experimental data generated through the fabricated setup. During the experimentation, the annulus flow rate was varied from 0.008 kg/s, 0.017 kg/s and 0.025 kg/s and inner flow rate was varied from 0.075 kg/s, 0.083 kg/s and 0.091 kg/s. The field testing results showed the mean overall efficiency of system obtained as 61.42%, 64.61% and 66.36% for inner tube flow rate of 0.075 kg/s, 0.083 kg/s and 0.091 kg/s respectively for annulus flow rate of 0.008 kg/s. The theoretical results of hybrid system obtained from the simulation are in good agreement with the experimental data. In the end environmental cost analysis was also carried out for the proposed system.
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    An integrated photovoltaic thermal solar (IPVTS) system with earth water heat exchanger cooling: Energy and exergy analysis
    (Elsevier, 2017-11) Soni, Manoj Kumar
    In the current paper, a new hybrid system is investigated in which integrated photovoltaic thermal solar system (IPVTS) is coupled with earth water heat exchanger (EWHE). The performance of such coupled system is evaluated analytically by developing a theoretical model and validated experimentally on an experimental set-up installed in Pilani, India. Further to identify the grey areas for the improvement and to utilize the maximum energy, second law thermodynamic analysis of coupled system has been carried out in terms of exergy losses and exergy destructions. An electrical efficiency comparison was made between the PV panel connected to the broad water channel cooling and normal PV panel. The results show that with EWHE cooling, there is increase in experimental electrical efficiency of IPVTS by 1.02–1.41% as compared to without cooling. The second law analysis for two different scenarios was carried out. The second law analysis shows that the exergetic efficiency for a first scenario varies from 8.50% to 8.75%; while for the second scenario, it ranges from 8.16% to 8.54%. The analysis provides the feasibility of IPVTS coupled with EWHE system which could be used for the semi-arid regions of North-West India.