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    The C-Hf-Ti System (Carbon-Hafnium-Titanium)
    (JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA, 2000) Bandyopadhyay, Debashis
    The assessed phase diagram of the Ti-C system shown in[1990Oka] conducted a detailed assessment of the C-Hf Fig. 1 is taken from [1998Oka].[1995Alb],[1996Jon], and system, where only one intermediate phase exists. The [1996Sei] reported other assessments of this system, which assessed phase diagram shown in Fig. 3 is taken from consists of two terminal solids α-Ti and β-Ti and a refractory[1990Oka]. Three terminal solids, C (graphite), α-Hf, and monocarbide TiC. The other phases present are liquid and β-Hf, are present in this system.[Massalski1] has reported graphite (C). Two eutectic and one peritectoid reaction appear the temperature of β-Hf⇔ α-Hf allotropic transformation as in this system at 1646, 2776, and 920 C, respectively. There 1743 C. There are several conflicting reports in the literature seems to be a tendency of carbon ordering at compositions([1954Cot],[1961Por],[1962Kat], and [1965Rud]) regarding below stoichiometry; as a result, the Ti2C phase does not the eutectic reaction temperature between C and Hf and its appear in the binary phase diagram. The crystal structure corresponding composition. The crystal structure data of the data shown Table 1 are taken from [Massalski2]. C-Hf system shown in Table 3 are taken from [1990Oka].
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    The C-Ti-Zr system (carbon-titanium-zirconium) (vol 22, pg 64, 1998)
    (JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA, 2001-04) Bandyopadhyay, Debashis
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    The Ti-V-C system (titanium-vanadium-carbon)
    (Springer, 2000-03) Bandyopadhyay, Debashis
    The assessed phase diagram of Ti-C system shown in Fig. 1 is taken from [1998Oka]. Other recent work was done on this system by [1995Alb], [1996Sei1], and [1996Jon]. The system consists of two terminal solids aTi and b Ti and a refractory monocarbide TiC. Since there is a tendency of carbon ordering at the compositions below stoichiometry, the phase Ti2C does not appear in the phase diagram. Other phases present are liquid and graphite (C). Two eutectic and one peritectoid reaction appear in this system at 1646, 2776, and 920 °C, respectively.
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    The Ti-Cr-C (titanium-chromium-carbon) system
    (Springer, 1999-05) Bandyopadhyay, Debashis
    The assessed phase diagram of Ti-C system in Fig. 1 is taken from [98Oka]. Other recent assessments of this were done by [95Alb],[96Jon], and [96Sei]. The system consists of two terminal solids αTi and βTi and a refractory monocarbide TiC. Other phases present are liquid (L) and graphite (C). Two eutectic and one peritectoid reactions appear in this system at 1646, 2776, and 920 C, respectively. Crystal structure data shown
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    The C-Ti-Zr system (carbon-titanium-zirconium)
    (Springer, 2001-01) Bandyopadhyay, Debashis
    The assessed phase diagram of the Ti-C system in Fig. 1 is taken from [1998Oka],[1995ALB],[1996Jon], and [1996Sei] have reported other assessments of this system; all show two terminal solids alpha-Ti and beta-Ti and a refractory monocarbide TiC with other phases being liquid and graphite (C). Two eutectic reactions and one peritectoid reaction take place in this system at 1646 deg C, 2776 deg C, and 920 deg C, respectively. There seems to be a tendency of carbon ordering at compositions below stoichiometry. As a result, the Ti^ sub 2^ C phase does not appear in the binary phase diagram. Crystal structure data of the Ti-C system
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    The C-Nb-Ti system (Carbon - Niobium - Titanium)
    (Springer, 2000-01) Bandyopadhyay, Debashis
    The assessed phase diagram of the Ti-C system in Fig. 1 is taken from [1998Oka]. Other recent assessments on this were done by [1996Jon] and [1996Sei]. The system consists of two terminal solids aTi and bTi and a refractory monocarbide TiC. Other phases present are liquid and graphite C. Two eutectic and one peritectoid reaction appear in this system at 1646, 2776, and 920 °C, respectively.
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    The Ti - N - C system (titanium - nitrogen - carbon)
    (Springer, 2000-03) Bandyopadhyay, Debashis
    The assessed phase diagram of Ti-C system in Fig. 1 is taken from [1998Oka]. Other recent assessments of this system were done by [1995Alb], [1996Jon1], and [1996Sei]. The system consists of two terminal solids aTi and bTi and bTi and a refractory monocarbide TiC. The phase Ti2C does not appear in the equilibriam phase diagram, as there appears to be a tendency of carbon ordering at the stoichiometry. Other phases present are liquid and graphite (C). Two eutectic and one peritectoid reaction appear in this system at 1646, 2776, and 920 °C, respectively
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    Grindability study of intermetallic titanium aluminide using various abrasive wheels
    (Elsevier, 2023-07) Mathew, Nitin Tom
    Nickel (Ni) and Titanium (Ti) based superalloys satisfy the properties of a material suitable for high-performance applications. Titanium aluminide (γTiAl) is a classic example that finds wide application in aerospace and automobile industries. Even though γTiAl is having attractive mechanical and thermal properties, a widespread use of this material is restricted due their poor machinability and high procuring and processing cost. γTiAl during machining often have adverse impact on tool life and surface quality. At room temperature the material exhibits high brittleness and hardness, which along with a low ductility, lower thermal conductivity and fracture toughness, high temperature dependent strength and chemical reactivity with many tool materials. This often makes its machining a challenging task and the material is often considered under the category of difficult to machine material. Majority of the present TiAl components used in aerospace industry undergoes grinding operation. A wider investigation is necessary to understand the grindability of this material, as the variation of composition of the grinding wheel have significant influence on the machining. A consistent and economical machining is essential for the wide recognition of this promising material for wider industrial application. The paper investigates the grindability of intermetallic γTiAl using various abrasive wheels.