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    Infrared Study of the Adsorption of Acetone on Rutile
    (Journal of the Chemical Society : Faraday Transaction - I. The Chemical Society, London. 1978, 74 (02), 1978) Griffiths, David M.; Rochester, Colin H.
    The associative adsorption of acetone onto Lewis acidic Ti4+ ion sites on rutile is followed by the formation of a surface enolate complex which reacts with a further acetone molecule to give mesityl oxide. The enolate is also an intermediate in the exchange of hydrogen atoms between acetone and hydroxyl groups on rutile. The effects of dehydroxylation and dehydration of the rutile surface on the associative adsorption of acetone and on the formation of the enolate complex and mesityl oxide have been studied using infrared spectroscopy. The reversibility of the surface reactions has been established, in part by a study of the adsorption of mesityl oxide, which not only associatively adsorbs onto Ti4+ ion sites but also decomposes to enolate complex and coordinatively liganded acetone molecules. Reduction of rutile in hydrogen decreases the Lewis acidity of the oxide surface but promotes the formation of surface acetate ions by the chemisorption of acetone.
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    Infra-red study of the surface properties of rutile: Deuterium exchange, carbon dioxide and but-1-ene adsorption
    (Journal of the Chemical Society : Faraday Transaction - I. The Chemical Society, London. 1972, 68 (5), 1972) Jackson, P.; Parfitt, G. D.
    Deuterium exchange with surface hydroxyl groups on rutile was studied using D2 and D2O; the former completely exchanges at 300°C (2 h) with evidence for surface reduction, while the latter does not achieve complete exchange with the saturated vapour at room temperature. The shift in infra-red frequencies on deuteration verified previous assignments of surface species as being hydrogenic and also indicated the physical inaccessibility of certain species. Adsorption of CO2 produced a labile bicarbonate species and indicates the separate chemical identity of the two surface hydroxyl species represented by peaks at 3700 and 3670 cm–1. But-1-ene interacts with the rutile surface at 150°C with formation of surface alkoxide, and indicates the presence of inaccessible surface groups, but gives no evidence for preferential reaction by one of the hydroxyl groups.
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    Infra-red Study of the Surface Properties of Rutile: Adsorption of Ethanol, n-Butanol and n-Hexanol
    (Journal of the Chemical Society : Faraday Transaction - I. The Chemical Society, London. 1972, 68 (8), 1972) Jackson, P; Parfitt, G D
    The vapours of ethanol, n-butanol and n-hexanol chemisorb at room temperature on a variety of rutile surfaces. The adsorption is independent of the nature of the surface, and an estimate of the ethoxide population is 3 groups/nm2. Thermal decomposition of all three alkoxides was complete at 300°C producing surface carbonate species, with water and the respective alk-1-ene in the gas phase. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of the alk-1-ene.