The philosophy of Be, Know, and Do in forming the 21st-century military war-front competencies: a systematic review

Abstract

21st-century military operational environment is characterised by changeability, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Hence, the military primarily aims to groom and develop essential competencies of the soldiers for success and survival. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesise 21st-century military war-front competencies to connect to the philosophy of Be, Know, and Do to analyse what a soldier must Be, what a soldier must Know, and what a soldier must Do to successfully fulfil the responsibilities and assigned roles. This philosophy relates 21st-century military competencies to the best set of meta-competencies according to the functionality in the operational environment. The study identified 300 pieces of research and 15 military field manuals published in various journals and databases. For each research, purpose, corresponding competencies, and criteria were used to analyse competencies. This research aims at preparing a conceptual framework of 21st-century military war-front competencies.