Numerical modeling of interfacial cracking with soft and hard inclusions

Abstract

In this work, we use pseudo-spring-augmented smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) framework to understand how the crack paths differ in edge-cracked plates with inclusions when they are made of functionally graded material (FGM) versus homogeneous plates. Modeling crack propagation in such multi-component structural systems is necessary to uncover the underlying failure mechanisms. While traditionally researchers have used mesh-based techniques like the finite element method to understand crack propagation, these methods have limitations. Consequently, mesh-less techniques such as SPH are gaining popularity. After verifying our framework on a plate made of two materials, we compare and contrast the crack path propagation between FGM plates and homogeneous plates, both having soft and hard inclusions. The crack paths get influenced significantly due to the presence of inclusions. Regardless of the type, in presence of soft inclusions, plates fail due to the failure of the inclusion. On the other hand, cracks tend to deflect away from hard inclusions in both plates. The amount of deflection is governed by the relative stiffness of the plate material. Consequently, the deflection is different in FGM plates compared with homogeneous ones.