Browsing by Author "Jain, Ankit"

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Additive manufacturing strategies for personalized drug delivery systems and medical devices
(Elsevier, 2024) Jain, Ankit
Medical additive manufacturing (MAM), 3D printing, or fused deposition modeling is considered a synonym for personalized medicines, digital pharmacy, or telemedicine. The concept is widely used to tailor more programmed, controlled, and modified drug-release profiles of drug delivery systems (DDS) with complex sizes and geometry. It is computer-aided manufacturing based on the layer-by-layer formation of designs and objects. The chapter includes not only their working principles, and processed materials, but their current progress potentials, industrial-scale applications, and challenges also. MAM is based on various new techniques such as inkjet printing, contour crafting (CC), stereolithography (SLA), powder bed fusion (PBF), direct energy deposition, fused deposition modeling (FDM), and pressure-assisted microsyringes (PAM) technology. In these techniques, thermoplastic polymers or hydrogel in sequential layers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Eudragit, chitosan, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon), and poly(ε-caprolactone), etc., are used in the development of DDS. Future research could be organized with these advanced cost-effective printing techniques and compatible materials to widen the applications for 3D printing products and medical devices. The chapter encompasses a detailed account of materials, design, fabrication techniques, and applications of MAM in DDS and a special note on safe, efficient, and personalized medical devices
Advanced hydrogels in drug delivery and wound healing
(MDPI, 2024-12) Jain, Ankit
Antibacterial and antiviral materials based on biodegradable polymers
(ACS, 2023-12) Jain, Ankit
Antibacterial and antiviral materials based on biodegradable polymers have become a key area of research in recent years due to the increasing concern over bacterial and viral infections. Biodegradable polymers are attractive for medical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. They can be used to produce various antibacterial and antiviral materials such as films, coatings, and nanoparticles. These materials can be used for medical implants, wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and personal protective equipment. Several strategies have been employed to develop antibacterial and antiviral materials based on biodegradable polymers. One approach is to incorporate antimicrobial agents into the polymer matrix, such as nanoparticles, and antibiotics. This chapter focuses on the different antibacterial and antiviral materials based on biodegradable polymers and the application of NPs developed from such materials. The mechanisms of action and performance of these materials against bacteria and viruses are discussed. The challenges and prospects of using these materials are also discussed. The potential of these materials to provide effective and sustainable solutions to combat bacterial and viral infections makes them a promising area of research for the development of new antimicrobial materials.
Biodegradable nanogels for dermal applications: an insight
(Bentham Science, 2023-07) Jain, Ankit
Biodegradable nanogels in the biomedical field are emerging vehicles comprising dispersions of hydrogel nanoparticles having 3D crosslinked polymeric networks. Nanogels show distinguished characteristics including their homogeneity, adjustable size, low toxicity, stability in serum, stimuli-responsiveness (pH, temperature, enzymes, light, etc.), and relatively good drug encapsulation capability. Due to these characteristics, nanogels are referred to as nextgeneration drug delivery systems and are suggested as promising carriers for dermal applications. The site-specific delivery of drugs with effective therapeutic effects is crucial in transdermal drug delivery. The nanogels made from biodegradable polymers can show external stimuliresponsiveness which results in a change in gel volume, water content, colloidal stability, mechanical strength, and other physical and chemical properties, thus improving the site-specific topical drug delivery. This review provides insight into the advances in development, limitations, and therapeutic significance of nanogels formulations. It also highlights the process of release of drugs in response to external stimuli, various biodegradable polymers in the formulation of the nanogels, and dermal applications of nanogels and their role in imaging, anti128;inflammatory therapy, antifungal and antimicrobial therapy, anti128;psoriatic therapy, and ocular and protein/peptide drug delivery.
Biomedical applications of nano-biosensor
(Springer, 2022-03) Jain, Ankit
Nano-biosensors have wide applications in several fields as they impart sensitivity, effectiveness, portability, compatibility, stability, viability, flexibility, and reliability. Indeed, the emergence of new techniques in biotechnology, custom-made bio-elements, and their biocompatibility, and nanotechnology played a fundamental role in the designing of nanocomposite biosensors. Therefore, nano-bio sensors have tremendous opportunities in biomedicine, healthcare (lab-o-chip diagnosis, patient’s drug compliance), personalized medicine, biotechnology, drug delivery, food processing industry, microbiology, agriculture, and defense services also. Now, traditional medical practices can be explored and advanced more with nano-biosensors by facilitating early ultrasensitive diagnosis, extended monitoring of disease biomarkers, diagnosis, treatment, in point-of-care devices and at-home healthcare instrumentation, and in timely therapy decisions. While compiling this chapter, the focus was placed on highlighted up-to-date research and commercialization of nano-biosensors in the biomedical area.
Challenges and preventive interventions in covid-19 transmission through domestic chemistry hygiene
(Wiley, 2023-09) Jain, Ankit
The threat to health and social life resulting due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the leading cause of pandemic affecting millions of the population worldwide and has influenced people to maintain hygiene conditions all around. The use of toilets and bathrooms has become a controversial topic. Fecal-based transmission in COVID-19 begets from hidden colloidal bioaerosols produced after flushing the toilet, which generates turbulence expelling aerosol into the surrounding area which lands on various surfaces. The virus is found to remain suspended in the air, which can affect the person around it and also settles on various colloid surfaces, which facilitates the transmission cycle from feces to the surface to body parts and eventually to the oral and nasal cavity. Moreover, untreated wastewater is turning out to be a major key point for the spread of the virus. This review investigates risks associated with the use of the toilet by an infected person. The vulnerability of common use of the toilet in various domains at public places, hospitals, airplanes, and even at homes, along with transmission via bioaerosolization has also been focused on in this chapter. It also analyzes all the possibilities of protection and also application of design solutions such as a smart sensor to maintain hygienic and sanitized conditions. Some inexpensive interventions are also introduced to prevent transmission in personal settings. These have been brought forth to pave new horizons for impeding the transmission of COVID-19
Characterization of 2D nanomaterials using spectroscopic and microscopic approaches
(Wiley, 2025-06) Jain, Ankit
For a comprehensive understanding of 2D-NM to use in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications an accurate characterization is required, for example, modifications in shape and size, structural compositions, etc., result in significant changes in nanomaterial characteristics. Diverse characterization techniques should support the results of the characterization of various nanostructures/nanomaterials until phase certainty is proven. Structural characterization is being strengthened by XRD, TEM, and Raman techniques, and for morphological evaluations, individual methods like FE-SEM, HR-TEM, STM (conductive), DLS, AFM, and SEM are used practically. Other advancements in nanomaterial characterization include Auger electron spectroscopy, nonlinear optics NLO spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and thermal characterization ultimately provides information of the phase and chemical composition of nanomaterials. It is proposed that metrics such as the shape and size of particles, functionalities, multiple layers, or colloidal attributes of graphene-like materials be documented to increase repeatability and allow comparison of 2D materials manufactured or used by various organizations. This chapter summarizes a wide range of alternative characterization approaches for 2D-NM mainly carbon-based materials which are extensively used in the developing biomedical world. The researchers and developers need to evaluate the mechanical, electrical, or electromagnetic stress on such materials; hence these real-time investigations are intended to reveal new insights into material characteristics.
A comprehensive review of challenges and advances in exosome-based drug delivery systems
(RSC, 2024-10) Jain, Ankit
Exosomes or so-called natural nanoparticles have recently shown enormous potential for targeted drug delivery systems. Several studies have reported that exosomes as advanced drug delivery platforms offer efficient targeting of chemotherapeutics compared to individual polymeric nanoparticles or liposomes. Taking structural constituents of exosomes, viz., proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, into consideration, exosomes are the most promising carriers as genetic messengers and for treating genetic deficiencies or tumor progression. Unfortunately, very little attention has been paid to the factors like source, scalability, stability, and validation that contribute to the quality attributes of exosome-based drug products. Some studies suggested that exosomes were stable at around −80 °C, which is impractical for storing pharmaceutical products. Currently, no reports on the shelf-life and in vivo stability of exosome formulations are available. Exosomes are quickly cleared from blood circulation, and their in vivo distribution depends on the source. Considering these challenges, further studies are necessary to address major limitations such as poor drug loading, reduced in vivo stability, a need for robust, economical, and scalable production methods, etc., which may unlock the potential of exosomes in clinical applications. A few reports based on hybrid exosomes involving hybridization between different cell/tumor/macrophage-derived exosomes with synthetic liposomes through membrane fusion have shown to overcome some limitations associated with natural or synthetic exosomes. Yet, sufficient evidence is indispensable to prove their stability and clinical efficacy
DES-igning the future of drug delivery: A journey from fundamentals to drug delivery applications
(Elsevier, 2024-04) Jain, Ankit
The pharmaceutical industry relies extensively on solvents for various purposes, including synthesis, crystallization, purification, solubilization, and developing drug delivery systems. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) represent an advanced class of solvents characterized by their unique attributes, including high polarity, negligible volatility, exceptional thermal resilience, robust ionic conductivity, low melting point, and structural flexibility. Unique physicochemical properties of DES, including density, conductivity, surface tension, and polarity, are intricately connected, and complex behavior in an aqueous environment presents challenges and opportunities across various applications and demands a holistic understanding. In this comprehensive review, we have encapsulated all facets of DES, encompassing diverse preparation methods, detailed exploration of physicochemical properties, solubilization of various Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), and elucidation of different delivery routes. DES can be categorized into five primary types based on their compositions and delves into emerging classes like Natural DES (NADES) and Therapeutic DES (THEDES). The introduction of DES derivatives (DESD), Hydrophobic DES (HDES) and Magnetic DES (MDES) further broaden the scope of DES applications. DESs have showcased remarkable potential in drug delivery by enhancing the permeation of active ingredients across and into the skin by acting as promoters of absorption over the skin's outer layers. While we have explored the applications of DES across various routes of administration in this article, the primary focus lies on its potential for topical delivery. Their application in drug delivery through nasal, ocular, and buccal routes holds promise for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, the toxicity of DESs remains a subject of scrutiny, necessitating systematic evaluation in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, this article provides insights into the challenges and offers a glimpse into the future perspectives within the realm of DES. Despite the promising potential of DES in drug delivery, there are currently no approved products based on DES in the market. Their unique properties, coupled with ongoing research and development endeavors, hold the potential to revolutionize drug formulation and delivery.
Determination of oxaliplatin and curcumin in combination via micellar HPLC and its method validation
(OUP, 2022-03) Jain, Ankit
A micellar-HPLC method was developed for the determination of oxaliplatin (OHP) and curcumin (CUR) employing a C18 column [4.6 × 250 mm, particle size (dp) = 5 µm] and diode array detector.
Development and validation of the RP-HPLC method for quantification of tavaborole
(RSC, 2024-07) Jain, Ankit
The stability-indicating approach for tavaborole quantification was developed and validated to establish a precise, linear, accurate, and robust HPLC method. The development section includes optimizing the detection wavelength, the mobile phase ratio, and the type of column used to achieve the best possible separation and sensitivity for analysis. The chromatographic conditions were established, considering peak symmetry, resolution, and retention time. The mobile phase composition, comprising a buffer: acetonitrile (75[thin space (1/6-em)]:[thin space (1/6-em)]25, %v/v), with an injection volume of 15 μL, showed suitable elution and recovery at 265 nm. A constant column oven temperature of 35 °C and a 1 mL min−1 flow rate were maintained. The pH of the buffer was changed to 3.0 by using orthophosphoric acid. Linearity was observed from 5 to 1000 ppm (r2 = 1.00000). The capacity (retention) factor (k) of 3.43 was observed, indicating significant interaction and good separation. Forced degradation (FD) or stress tests were performed for chemical and physical photolytic stress conditions, and the results observed were within the specified limits. The stability in the analytical solution was observed for up to 35 hours at 5 °C, confirming the stability of the solution. Validation of the developed HPLC method confirmed the system's suitability, precision, linearity, accuracy, FD, robustness, and results. All validation criteria for the technique were within acceptable limits.
Editorial: Stimuli-responsive lipid-bioactive conjugate-based nanocarriers: a smart approach in biomaterial applications
(Frontiers, 2024-05) Jain, Ankit
Stimuli-responsive lipid-bioactive conjugate-based nanocarriers are a revolutionary approach in biomaterial applications. These advanced nanosystems can remarkably adapt to various stimuli within the body, including pH, temperature, enzymes, and light. Their adaptability empowers precise control over drug release kinetics, minimizing unwanted effects while maximizing therapeutic efficacy. These smart nanocarriers have unparalleled efficiency in traversing physiological barriers and targeting specific cells or tissues, rendering them invaluable assets in drug delivery, imaging, and theranostics. They offer a sophisticated solution for personalized medicine and targeted therapy strategies, which hold great promise in treating various diseases. Frontiers initiated a Research Topic titled “Stimuli-responsive lipid-bioactive conjugate-based nanocarriers: a smart approach in biomaterial applications” to present a compilation of this Research Topic. This Research Topic is coedited by Dr. Ankit Jain, Prof. Sanjay K. Jain, Prof. Umesh Kumar Patil, and Prof. Abhay Singh Chauhan. Dr. Nishi Mody contributed as topic coordinator.
Effectiveness of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. fruits in cancer and inflammatory diseases: A mini review
(Elsevier, 2024-06) Jain, Ankit
Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (SCA) fruits are found in India's sub-Himalayan, tropical, and central regions and have been utilized for centuries in traditional Indian medicine to treat various ailments. In recent times, a growing body of research has emerged indicating that the extracts and active components found in SCA fruits possess qualities that can potentially inhibit the development of cancer and inflammatory markers.
Environmental stimuli-sensitive chitosan nanocarriers in therapeutics
(Elsevier, 2022) Jain, Ankit
Environmental stimuli-sensitive chitosan nanocarriers (SSCNs) have attracted attention in the area of cancer chemotherapy. Chitosan is the most commonly used natural polymer obtained by the deacetylation of chitin. It is a polymer suitable for therapeutic applications owing to its distinctive characteristics including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. Chitosan consists of amino and hydroxyl groups that can be used chemically to provide stimuli-sensitive characteristics that have promising applications in the field of nanobiomedicines. It is employed for the fabrication of several nanocarriers such as liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers, niosomes, micelles, and microparticles. The versatile features of chitosan, such as mucoadhesion, better transfection, in situ gelation, enhancement of absorption, and permeation, have made it a promising candidate for drug delivery. This chapter discusses different types of stimulus-sensitive chitosan nanocarriers (temperature, pH, ultrasound, redox, photo, and magnetic field) along with drug release mechanisms. This strategy is used to deliver therapeutic agent(s) at the target site, which enhances the therapeutic effects with less side effects related to the drug(s). Environmental SSCNs could be a potential approach to future clinical applications
An exhaustive comprehension of the role of herbal medicines in Pre- and Post-COVID manifestations
(Elsevier, 2022-10) Jain, Ankit
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has relentlessly spread all over the world even after the advent of vaccines. It demands management, treatment, and prevention as well with utmost safety and effectiveness. It is well researched that herbal medicines or natural products have shown promising outcomes to strengthen immunity with antiviral potential against SARS-COV-2. Aim of the review: Our objective is to provide a comprehensive insight into the preventive and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines and products (Ayurvedic) for pre-and post-COVID manifestations.
An expedition on synthetic methodology of fda-approved anticancer drugs (2018-2021)
(Bentham Science, 2024-05) Jain, Ankit
New drugs being established in the market every year produce specified structures for selective biological targeting. With medicinal insights into molecular recognition, these begot molecules open new rooms for designing potential new drug molecules. In this review, we report the compilation and analysis of a total of 56 drugs including 33 organic small molecules (Mobocertinib, Infigratinib, Sotorasib, Trilaciclib, Umbralisib, Tepotinib, Relugolix, Pralsetinib, Decitabine, Ripretinib, Selpercatinib, Capmatinib, Pemigatinib, Tucatinib, Selumetinib, Tazemetostat, Avapritinib, Zanubrutinib, Entrectinib, Pexidartinib, Darolutamide, Selinexor, Alpelisib, Erdafitinib, Gilteritinib, Larotrectinib, Glasdegib, Lorlatinib, Talazoparib, Dacomitinib, Duvelisib, Ivosidenib, Apalutamide), 6 metal complexes (Edotreotide Gallium Ga-68, fluoroestradiol F-18, Cu 64 dotatate, Gallium 68 PSMA-11, Piflufolastat F-18, 177Lu (lutetium)), 16 macromolecules as monoclonal antibody conjugates (Brentuximabvedotin, Amivantamab-vmjw, Loncastuximabtesirine, Dostarlimab, Margetuximab, Naxitamab, Belantamabmafodotin, Tafasitamab, Inebilizumab, SacituzumabGovitecan, Isatuximab, Trastuzumab, Enfortumabvedotin, Polatuzumab, Cemiplimab, Mogamulizumab) and 1 peptide enzyme (Erwiniachrysanthemi-derived asparaginase) approved by the U.S. FDA between 2018 to 2021. These drugs act as anticancer agents against various cancer types, especially non-small cell lung, lymphoma, breast, prostate, multiple myeloma, neuroendocrine tumor, cervical, bladder, cholangiocarcinoma, myeloid leukemia, gastrointestinal, neuroblastoma, thyroid, epithelioid and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The review comprises the key structural features, approval times, target selectivity, mechanisms of action, therapeutic indication, formulations, and possible synthetic approaches of these approved drugs. These crucial details will benefit the scientific community for futuristic new developments in this arena.
Exploring the therapeutic modalities of targeted treatment approach for skin carcinoma: cutting-edge strategies and key insights
(Taylor & Francis, 2024-08) Jain, Ankit
Skin carcinoma, including malignant melanoma, basal, squamous, and Merkel cell carcinoma, present significant healthcare challenges. Conventional treatments like surgery and chemotherapy suffer from limitations like non-specificity, toxicity, and adverse effects. The upcoming treatments are dominated by nano-sized delivery systems, which improve treatment outcomes while minimizing side effects. Moving ahead, targeted nanoparticles allow localized delivery of drugs at tumor site, ensuring minimal damage to surrounding tissues.
A glimpse of biomedical application potential of biodegradable polymers for anticancer drug delivery
(Elsevier, 2022) Jain, Ankit
The major anticancer drugs used for cancer therapy show nonspecificity, wide biodistribution, a short half-life, a low concentration in tumor tissue, and systemic toxicity. The biodegradable polymer can be used as an approach that acts as a drug carrier, offering a targeted drug delivery and increasing the drug payload to the tumor tissues and cells. It also enhances biocompatibility, provides prolonged release of the drug allowing controlled and sustained release, and minimizes systemic toxicity. This chapter focuses on targeted drug delivery through a stimuli-responsive drug carrier that releases its payload at the specified site and on demand in response to an external stimulus. It also emphasizes various applications of biodegradable polymers in breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and uterine cancer with special emphasis on theranostic applications.
Hyaluronic acid functionalized liposomes embedded in biodegradable beads for duo drugs delivery to oxaliplatin-resistant colon cancer
(Elsevier, 2022-11) Jain, Ankit
Oxaliplatin (OHP) resistance is a major hurdle in the chemotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to formulate Eudragit S-100 (ES-100) coated alginate beads bearing drugs loaded targeted liposomes for simultaneous delivery of OHP and curcumin (CUR) to exert a synergistic therapeutic effect on OHP- resistant HT-29 cell line
The influence of food matrix on the stability and bioavailability of phytochemicals: A comprehensive review
(Elsevier, 2024-05) Jain, Ankit
Considering the limited number of research on the impact of food matrices (FM), this review highlights on absorption of nutrients through FM and the effects of food processing. The FMs which influence the gut microbial environment, absorption and bioavailability of phytochemicals and thermal stability of phytochemicals have been discussed. This article will review the various ways that the food matrix might influence chemical interaction, all of which are related to one another. By altering the FM, it is possible to improve both the functional and sensory qualities of the meal. FM are structured to improve several aspects of the foods they are used in. Food products that include additives are developed to make the bioactive substances in food more readily available to the body.