Department of Humanities and Social Sciences

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    Mathematical and Scientific Abilities of Students: A Study on Gender and Cognitive Functioning
    (RRIJM, 2021-01) Shukla, Tanu; Nirban, Virendra Singh
    The world is currently witnessing a shift of emphasis from learning outcomes to achieving gender equality in both performance and participation in education. Existing data indicates that the expansion of equitable resources does not necessarily translate into higher enrolment rate of female students in schools. This study aims to assess the differences in cognitive functioning and learning outcomes of male and female students by using Mathematics and Science achievement test. Data from two districts of extreme nature was collected to address the objectives of the study. The results portray that despite standing low on access and enrolment, female students stand above or equal to male students on performance in Mathematics and Science abilities.
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    A World Without Gender." Sociological Perspectives, edited by Constance L. Shehan, Gale, 2017. Gale Researcher, Cengage Publishers
    (Cengage Learning India, 2017) Das, Madhurima
    To envision a post-gender world, it is important to pay some attention to the patterns of gender discrimination that operate in society. Gender is a social construction, meaning that masculinity and femininity are constructed and maintained through social interactions and socialization. The social constructionist framework of gender has created a binary between masculinity and femininity: for example, women are trained to be submissive and men to be aggressive. However there are avenues by which this inequality can be eradicated, both at the micro and the macro social level. Without giving attention to the patterns and systems of gender discrimination that exist in society, a post-gender world remains beyond reach. However, changes can be made at both the macro and the micro levels. At the micro level, it is important to alter the imbalance of labor within the household, where women disproportionately shoulder the household responsibilities. Parenting also operates on a micro level, and in order to attain a post-gender society it is vital to socialize children beyond the gender binaries. At the macro level, changes need to happen in the schools, workplace and media. Schools should discourage gender-based bullying, and workplaces need to reduce discrimination against women. Media portrayals of gender have also been problematic for a long time. Television shows and movies legitimize gender binaries, thereby reinforcing gender discrimination. To attain a gender-neutral society, the media rhetoric has to change. At the core of a post-gender society are intersectionality and an appreciation of diversity. As much as we discuss changes in gendered behavior institutionally, it is important to take into account race, nationality, sexuality, and other differences.
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    Emotional Intelligence and Gender Difference in Education: A Critical Analysis
    (An International Journal of Educational and Social Development, 2012-04) Shukla, Tanu
    Emotional Intelligence can be synonymously used as social intelligence. Another vital point which can be considered is that gender of an individual has significant effect on personality and behavioural characteristics. The paper, in this light, attempts to examine the effect of gender differences that interact in complex ways to determine the performance of an individual in any sphere of activity. It also defines the concept of emotional intelligence, describes its models, and also mentions that how emotional quotient is different from intelligence quotient. The present paper, based on the earlier researches, investigates the nature and extent of relationships that exist among emotional intelligence and gender differences. Lastly, it discusses about the varied probable reasons behind the difference of emotional intelligence among students and also throws light in relation to educational implications
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    Queer Discourse in Indic Myths: ‘Other’ Stories from a Gender-Fluid World
    (Re-Markings, 2020-03) Bhattacharya, Sankar Kumar
    Gender and sexuality in the Indic myths have long been a subject of academic research (Brodbeck and Black, 2007; Smith, 1985; Dumezil, 1988; Hiltebeital, 1980). Asexual reproduction has been referred to several times over in The Mahabharata. The celebrated Guru Dronacharya proudly proclaimed that he was born ‘ayonija, i.e. not out of a womb (1:61). The fabled Guru of the Pandavas was born out of a ‘water pot’ (1.120). Guru Kripacharya took birth from a clump of reed (1.120). The commander-in chief of the army of the Devas, Kartikeyan, also called Skanda, was born when Fire met Fire, i.e. from the union of Lord Shiva and God Agni (1.60). The Epic recounts the haunting story of Shikhandi, the trans-gender, who was presented as Shikhandini the princess. In yet another instance of gender-bending The Mahabharata cites the example of King Yuvanashwa who drank the sacred water meant for his wife and gave birth to Mandhata, who in turn was wetnursed by Lord Indra (3:126). Vashishtha, the great sage, was born of two Vedic Gods, Mitra and Varuna (1.59). The Epic makes Arjuna take up the role of Brihannala, the eunuch, who as a warrior saves the fortunes of the Matsya Empire (4: 2). The Epic casts Vishnu as Mohini, the enchantress, who saved the Devas by killing Rahu and Ketu (1:16). It reiterates the Upanishadic rendition of Shiva as the primal ‘Purusha’ who was one with Prakriti, lauding him as ‘Ardhanarishwara’.
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    Traversing the women entrepreneurship in South Asia: A journey of Indian startups through Lucite ceiling phenomenon
    (Emerald, 2018-03) Chouhan, Gajendra Singh; Shukla, Tanu
    Marginalization of women in STEM sectors is a widely discussed trend that has percolated into the corporate sector. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that act as barriers to entry to female entrepreneurs and to understand the impact of these factors in the context of startup landscape. The scope of this paper covers chiefly first-generation entrepreneurs while elaborating the presence of the Lucite ceiling effect. It aims to categorize and elucidate the responsible variables while developing a model for the same.
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    Unfair Promotion of Whitening Creams: Is Beauty No More Skic
    (Media Watch, 2021-06) Chouhan, Gajendra Singh
    Fairness industry is a multi-billion business endorsing the notion that being ‘fair’ is beautiful and being ‘dusky’ is always risky. This article explores how the advertising of fairness cream belittles the existence of women in India. Focusing on the promotion of whitening brands as a case study, the authors bring out the contradictions and unverifiable assertions in the marketing philosophy of beauty, the social obsession, the aspirations of young men and women, the Bollywood glamour, and the darker side of fairness. It is appalling to see the reckless promotional campaigns even when the tons of whitening tubes cannot change what is genetically determined by the amount of melanin in the skin. Such advertising campaigns of whitening creams and their strategies rob not only the consumers of their self-esteem but also infuse a false sense of inferiority and guilt. The article seeks to understand the marketing campaigns of whitening creams and suggests that their advertising appeals can be altered to salvage the image of Indian women whose survival is not just confined to the skin tone. It further urges the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI)1 to have stringent guidelines to check the representation of stereotypical assumptions of women and their social status in advertisements.
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    Transformation of Academic Ecology through Information Communication Technology Adoption
    (IJIET, 2020-05) Nirban, Virendra Singh; Shukla, Tanu
    The role of technology in evolving and uplifting the lifestyle of populations worldwide has been enormous since the advent of 21st Century. Education when combined with technology, escalates the whole process of growth and development by making the user more and more independent in managing complex tasks in real time with less effort. This is an integrated process involving many factors to interplay. Acceptance of technology in the field of education still remains a challenge. There exist discrepancies in access and acceptance of technology among users in the academic realm, especially in the developing countries. This study attempts to gauge such discrepancies and the factors that lead to them by digging into the attitudes that urge people to accept or reject the Learning Management System (LMS) - a widely used technological intervention in the teaching learning process. The study was conducted in an engineering institute in India and data was collected from both the students and the teachers. The factors identified by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model were used to design tools for data collection. Interviews were also conducted to substantiate the quantitative findings. The results indicated that acceptance of LMS was less in women as compared to their male counterparts both among the teachers and the students. The dependency on technology is influenced by factors such as the extent to which the user considers it easy to operate and, social influence from colleagues and seniors. Thus, it becomes clear that Effort Expectancy and Social Influence play an important role in the acceptance or rejection of available technology aides in education among women.
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    Mathematical and Scientific Abilities of Students: A Study on Gender and Cognitive Functioning
    (RRIJM, 2021-01) Shukla, Tanu; Nirban, Virendra Singh
    The world is currently witnessing a shift of emphasis from learning outcomes to achieving gender equality in both performance and participation in education. Existing data indicates that the expansion of equitable resources does not necessarily translate into higher enrolment rate of female students in schools. This study aims to assess the differences in cognitive functioning and learning outcomes of male and female students by using Mathematics and Science achievement test. Data from two districts of extreme nature was collected to address the objectives of the study. The results portray that despite standing low on access and enrolment, female students stand above or equal to male students on performance in Mathematics and Science abilities.
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    The Persistence of Gender-blind Phenomena in Indian Science Academia
    (Bridgewater State University, 2022-05) Nirban, Virendra Singh; Shukla, Tanu; Das, Madhurima
    Using the theoretical tool of gender-blind sexism, an extension of Bonilla Silva’s (2003) color-blind racism, the current study explores the key determinants which are responsible for discrimination of women in science disciplines in Indian higher education. We argue that gender-blind sexism demonstrates how gender discrimination operates as institutional tools to discriminate between men and women in science fields. Although the science stream proclaims gender neutrality/blindness, it ultimately disfavors women over men. This study with the aid of extensive in-depth face-to-face interviews, aims to recognize the pattern accountable for women’s reduced progress in the sciences. Against the backdrop of the recently framed National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, by the Government of India, this intensive qualitative study identifies certain crucial dimensions responsible for gender discrimination and diminishing participation of females in Indian academia, especially in the sciences. With several institutional policies that have been in place to mitigate challenges in overt sexist patterns in the workplace, the analysis still confirms the existence of a perceivable organizational barrier, which hinders the rise of women faculty members. We infer that gender discrimination operates through covert mechanisms of gender-blindness and such practices are normalized institutionally as a brand-new form of sexism.
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    Perception of the Young Adults towards the Portrayal of Women in Contemporary Indian Television Advertisements
    (Sage, 2017-09) Sharma, Sangeeta
    The purpose of this article was to examine the perception of the audience regarding the portrayal of women in Indian TV advertisements and the perception difference among them on the basis of their gender. 125 young adults comprising of 63 males and 62 females were selected randomly as the sample for the study. Primary data was collected through the survey method with the help of structured questionnaire. The study explored that majority of the respondents agreed that women in Indian TV advertisements are mostly depicted as young and beautiful, and rarely shown enjoying equal status with men and as professionals. They were not feeling much uncomfortable towards the sexual portrayal of women in advertisements. The study further revealed that gender has a great influence on the perception of the audience regarding the portrayal of women in Indian TV advertisements. Female in comparison to male were found to be more critical about the portrayal of women in Indian TV advertisements.