Department of Mechanical engineering
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Item Towards sustainable transportation: factors influencing electric vehicle charging stations development(Elsevier, 2025-05) Digalwar, Abhijeet K.; Routroy, SrikantaThe Indian transportation sector, reliant on fossil fuels, is predominantly accountable for the emergence of critical challenges such as greenhouse gas emissions, reliance on foreign energy sources, economic strain, and persistent health repercussions. In order to mitigate these urgent challenges, electric vehicles (EVs) are conceptualised as a viable, sustainable and ecologically sound technological solution, capable of successfully transitioning towards a sustainable low-carbon emission transportation framework and preserving finite natural resources. EVs encounter significant challenges in achieving rapid assimilation into the commercial landscape, and one of the most frequently referenced impediments to the accelerated adoption of EVs is the insufficiency of charging infrastructure along with the resultant range anxiety. Nevertheless, expanding the charging infrastructure network is financially burdensome and necessitates careful and strategic planning. Despite identifying essential factors, the inquiry “In what manner do these factors engage and interact?” has predominantly remained unaddressed in empirical investigations. Examining the interactions between these variables will empower producers and regulatory authorities to participate in systematic planning and devise suitable measures to govern these variables. The prime objective of this research is to execute an exhaustive assessment and furnish insights into the multifaceted factors/criteria influencing the establishment and development of EV charging infrastructure within a developing nation such as India. Factors are extracted from previous studies through literature reviews and expert interviews. The study also validates the identified factors empirically. Subsequently, a mixed-method approach is utilised to implement a combination of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). This methodology enables a methodical exploration of the hierarchical structures and interconnections among the variables, thereby enhancing the comprehension of their influence on the implementation and efficacy of charging infrastructure. The study identifies technological, economic, political, geographical, environmental, geopolitical, and socio-technical factors as key drivers influencing EV charging infrastructure development, highlighting the interdependencies between critical variables and providing a structured framework to enhance accessibility, scalability, and sustainability in alignment with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13.Item Assessment of optimal fuel and drive mix for automobile sector decarbonization in India: a scenario analysis of 2035(Springer, 2025-08) Digalwar, Abhijeet K.The rapid growth of predominantly fossil fuels powered automobiles in India results in harmful greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), environmental challenges like air pollution and health hazards. Hence, India is adopting alternate low-emission fuels like compressed natural gas (CNG), biofuels, promoting zero-emission technologies like fully electric vehicles (FEVs), pursuing options like hybrid vehicles (HEVs), and hydrogen-powered vehicles (HPVs). These solutions must encompass reliability, cost-effectiveness, circularity, and mainly optimality. This study addresses above challenges, aligns with India’s upcoming nationally determined contribution (NCD 3.0) and decarbonization policy till 2035 and derives an optimal alternate fuels/drive mix, It adopts a time-series forecasting and machine learning (ML) for vehicle inventory projections, constructs a scientific model, includes six relevant cost and benefit factors, evaluates eleven scenarios using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, derives an optimal mix and verifies its robustness through sensitivity analysis. The optimal mix for 2035 indicates a reduction in the share of fossil fuels (50%) with healthy improvement in the adoption of FEVs (40%), BFVs (8.4%), CNGVs (0.6%), HEVs (0.5%), and HFVs (0.5%). This shift toward cleaner solutions will enable reduction of around Rs 3.6 trillion in fuel imports and 54% of GHG emissions compared to current levels, enabling mitigating environmental challenges. Unlike energy sector, India lags in studies of optimal fuel / drive mix for automobile sustainability. This study addresses above gap, providing critical insights to policymakers, industry, and academia for fine tuning automotive decarbonization policies, toward achieving net zero by 2070.Item Identification and analysis of social factors responsible for adoption of electric vehicles in India(IAS, 2021) Digalwar, Abhijeet K.Environmental crisis and energy security concerns have forced researchers to look for a cleaner mode of transportation. Rigorous efforts are on to make electric vehicles (EVs) feasible for commercial use in terms of technological advancements and economic viability. Despite being among the top automobile manufacturing countries in the world, the adoption rate of EVs in India has been poor. There is a need to understand the social acceptability and sustainability of EVs. To bridge this gap, the present study identifies the social factors responsible for slow adoption of EVs in India. The results may help in orienting the manufacturers and decision makers towards faster adoption of EVs. This study will assist researchers to get a better understanding of the factors responsible for slow adoption of EVs in India. The Government of India could benefit in its goal to achieve its ambitious target projected in the FAME India scheme.Item Evaluation of Factors for Sustainable Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles in India(Elsevier, 2021) Digalwar, Abhijeet K.This paper aims to develop and validate the factors affecting the sustainable manufacturing of electric vehicles in India that could be used by original equipment manufacturers and service providers in the electric vehicles industry. Based on a thorough synthesis of the literature on electric vehicles, seven factors – technological, social, cultural, economic, political, geographical, environmental – of sustainable manufacturing of electric vehicles and corresponding 67 variables have been developed. The validated instrument of factors affecting the sustainable manufacturing of electric vehicles may be used by original equipment manufacturers, service providers and new players keen on entering the electric vehicle market to assess the potential areas of development in the electric vehicles industry. Insights gained from this evaluation can be helpful for EV engineers in incorporating customers’ purchase intention into the engineering design. The validated results are in the Indian context, however, the instrument developed can be used in the global context as well.Item Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach for Development of Electric Vehicle Market in India(Elsevier, 2015) Digalwar, Abhijeet K.The automobile industry is at its maximum growth since few years because of revolutionary changes in Information Technology and greater living standards created by the citizens of India. The booming market obviously puts a lot of pressure on the available stagnant resources like crude oil, natural gas, fossil fuels etc. The supply and demand are crossing the breakeven point and the situation can be worsened if an alternative doesn’t replace the existing crisis. The Electric Vehicle (EV) is one of the alternative solutions to overcome the crises. But EV market is at a nascent stage in India when compared with other developed and emerging countries. There are many factors which affect the growth of electric vehicle market in India. The present paper discusses most critical factors for the promotion and development of EV market in India with the help of an Interpretive Structural Model (ISM).