Department of Mechanical engineering

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1 3D-printed smart functional prototypes as sensors and actuators for robotic applications
(De Gruyter, 2024) Kala, Prateek
Soft robotics, inspired by nature, is a trending research area that is based on material science and the available mechanism (pneumatic, thermal, magnetic, electrostatic, etc.) to activate them. In the recent past, polylactic acid (PLA) has shown promising material characteristics, and researchers explored the 4D printing of PLA-based functional prototypes that can be used for high-strength biomedical applications for bovines. But hitherto, little has been explored about the sensing and actuation capabilities of PLA for implantable robotic applications in bovine. In this study, PLA extracted from biomedical waste has been used to prepare the functional prototypes (implants in bovine). Further, it has been primarily recycled by varying number of shredding cycles, and finally, feedstock filaments of the same have been prepared on the single screw extruder. For analyzing the sensing and actuation capabilities of the recycled material, the prototypes were fabricated on the fused deposition modeling setup using the following process parameters: raster angle, 45°; infill pattern, grid; printing speed, 40 mm/s; and infill density, 50%. Initially, the pressure-based sensor was designed in the high-frequency structure simulator simulation software and then tested on the vector network analyzer setup to observe the dielectric properties, that is, dielectric constant (ϵr) and loss tangent (tan δ) under the effect of pressure. Further, a hydrothermal actuator for robotic application has been programmed by mechanical force, and the shape recovery of the deformed prototype has been observed under the effect of hydrothermal stimuli. The change in dielectric properties (ϵr and tan δ) of the recycled material has been observed through the insertion loss (S21) versus resonant frequency (fr), which may be used for online health monitoring of patients through a Bluetooth device by observing the electromagnetic signal in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band.
2022 Index IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience Vol. 21
(IEEE, 2022-10) Bhatt, Geeta
This index covers all technical items—papers, correspondence, reviews, etc.—that appeared in this periodical during 2022, and items from previous years that were commented upon or corrected in 2022. Departments and other items may also be covered if they have been judged to have archival value. The Author Index contains the primary entry for each item, listed under the first author’s name. The primary entry includes the coauthors’ names, the title of the paper or other item, and its location, specified by the publication abbreviation, year, month, and inclusive pagination. The Subject Index contains entries describing the item under all appropriate subject headings, plus the first author’s name, the publication abbreviation, month, and year, and inclusive pages. Note that the item title is found only under the primary entry in the Author Index.
21st-century competencies in engineering education: initiation, evolution, current, and now whither to
(Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022) Sangwan, Kuldip Singh; Sangwan, Devika
The fibre of engineering education has evolved from knowledge to competencies. This is a logical consequence of the technologically advanced and multifaceted learning environment where engineers are expected to be technically acute along with a set of essential non-technical competencies. This change is referred to as a ‘paradigm shift’ in engineering education. Hence, the vision of learning is to immerse a progressive, learner-centric, and competency-based learning environment to face the uncertainties of the 21st century
3D CFD Simulation of Heat Transfer and Friction Characteristics of Laminar Flow of Water through a Circular Duct with Centre-Cleared Twin Twisted Tape
(IJATR, 2015-12) Bhattacharyya, Suvanjan
Heat transfer behavior of laminar flow inside circular duct with centre-cleared twin twisted tape (CTTT) swirl generator was investigated numerically. The governing equations were solved with a finite-volume-based numerical method. A three-dimensional non uniform grid was generated, in order to critically examine the flow and heat transfer. The centre-cleared twin twisted tapes were tested in the current work; investigations were performed in the Reynolds number range of 100- 1,000 with four different CTTTs at twist ratio (TR) of H/W = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0. Water is used as working fluid (Pr = 7). The effects of Reynolds number, Nusselt number, friction factor, convective heat transfer coefficient were examined and discussed. The use of CTTT was found to increase the heat transfer considerably when compared with plain tube. The Nusselt number increased with the increase of Reynolds number. The overall enhancement ratio has been calculated in order to discuss the overall effect of CTTT and the working parameters. The present findings would be useful inputs for the design of solar thermal heaters and heat exchangers.
3d computational study of fluid flow and heat transfer in a dimple enhancer channel
(Begell House, 2017) Bhattacharyya, Suvanjan
Heat transfer behaviour in dimple enhancer channel swirl generator is investigated numerically. Vortex generator geometry is a widely used procedure for heat transfer improvement. This work presents the investigation of a dimple enhancer channel for turbulent heat transfer with air (Pr 0.707) as the working fluid. In the present paper, transition - SST model which can predict the change of flow regime from laminar through intermittent to turbulent has been used for numerical simulations. The simulation are performed using three dimple ratio (r = d/D = 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) and three different space ratios (s = y/D = 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0). The computations were conducted with Reynolds number ranging from 100 to 50,000. The results indicate that the large dimple ratio and small space ratio yields a higher heat transfer value with relatively lower performance penalty. The transition from laminar to turbulent regime is observed between Reynolds numbers of 2000 to 3500 for all cases. For all investigated cases the performance factor (η) are almost greater than unity. This result is useful for the design of solar thermal heaters.
3D printed hernia mesh implant: a conformability study
(Open Exploration Publishing., 2024-09) Kala, Prateek
This study aims to explore the sensing capabilities of polyvinylidene fluoride-hydroxyapatite-chitosan (PVDF-HAP-CS) composite-based hernia mesh implants (of conformal/planar design), followed by in-vitro analysis for better understanding of the bio-stability in the patient’s body. Methods: For analyzing the sensing capabilities, a microstrip patch antenna (MPA)-based implantable sensor [with 17-4 precipitate hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) (bio-compatible) and Cu alloy (non-biocompatible) materials as conducting plane/patch with PVDF-HAP-CS as dielectric material] has been considered separately in this study. Primarily, in this study, the 3D models of the hernia mesh implant have been designed in the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software, and the sensing behaviour of the same has been recorded.
3D-printed conformal sensors for health monitoring of bovine post diaphragmatic hernia surgery: a review
(Emerald, 2024-04) Kala, Prateek
Some studies have been reported in the past on diaphragmatic hernia (DH) surgery techniques using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, symptoms of a hernia and post-surgery complications. But hitherto little has been reported on bibliographic analysis (BA) for health monitoring of bovine post-DH surgery for long-term management. Based on BA, this study aims to explore the sensor fabrication integrated with innovative AM technologies for health monitoring assistance of bovines post-DH surgery.
48th national conference on fluid mechanics and fluid power
(Springer, 2023-01) Bhattacharyya, Suvanjan
This Special Issue of Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry contains a selection of research articles related to the contributions presented at the 48th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP 2021) which took place at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India, between December 27 and 29, 2021. The conference gathers experts from the field of fluid mechanics and thermal sciences to present their work annually. We are thankful of National Society of Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (NSFMFP) and Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani to believe in us and help in successful completion of the event. We warmly acknowledge all the collaborators who participated in the event and presented their work.
4D printing: fundamentals and applications
(IOP, 2024-12) Mishra, Radha Raman
This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of 4D printing, including the process fundamentals, materials, techniques, challenges, and applications.
Achieving Supply Chain Coordination Through Lot Size Based Discount
(Elsevier, 2015) Routroy, Srikanta
A generic mathematical model is developed for a two level supply chain through lot size based discount to achieve supply chain coordination. The model considers a single product with probabilistic demand. It accounts total supply chain cost which entails product cost, inventory holding cost, ordering cost and stock-out cost considering the maximum allowable supply chain inventory. Genetic algorithm is used for determining the optimum levels of ordering quantity, supply chain savings, and discount percentage (i.e. an upper member should offer to a lower member of the supply chain) to enhance supply chain profit. A case situation is elucidated to demonstrate the salient features of the proposed model.
Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Fluids in 2022
(MDPI, 2023) Harikrishnan, A.R.
High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review. Fluids was able to uphold its high standards for published papers due to the outstanding efforts of our reviewers. Thanks to the efforts of our reviewers in 2022, the median time to first decision was 42 days and the median time to publication was 17 days. Regardless of whether the articles they examined were ultimately published, the editors would like to express their appreciation and thank the following reviewers for the time and dedication that they have shown Fluids:
ACLODS – A Holistic Framework for Environmentally Friendly Product Lifecycle Design
(Springer, 2021-01) Kota, Srinivas
Design for Environment (DfE) is an approach to design where all the environmental impacts of a product are considered over the entire life cycle of a product. Most DfE tools are conceptual in nature, and there is little adoption of these in industry. This chapter discusses the development of a holistic framework that should help in both generation and evaluation of environmentally friendly product life cycle proposals. The overall approach is to investigate literature to analyse the existing guidelines, methods, tools and methodologies for environmentally friendly product design, in order to identify the requirements for a holistic framework for design to reduce the environmental impact of a product lifecycle proposal. An ideal framework to satisfy these requirements is proposed.
ACLODS: a holistic framework for product life cycle design
(Inder Science, 2014-03) Kota, Srinivas
Design can substantially affect the life cycle of a product. During design there is a need to consider the whole life cycle rather than a single phase of a product life cycle. Different approaches on life cycle design are reviewed to arrive at requirements for a holistic framework for product life cycle design. These requirements are consolidated using empirical studies conducted in laboratory setting. Based on the findings from literature review and empirical studies, a holistic framework (ACLODS, which is formed by the first letters of the constituting dimensions in the framework) for product life cycle design is proposed. The framework is made of six dimensions; activities, criteria, life cycle phases, outcomes, design stages and structure of the product. Each dimension consists of individual elements pertaining to that dimension. The existing approaches are compared with proposed framework to identify the dimensions which need support to achieve better product life cycle design.
An Action Effectiveness Measure for Manufacturing Process Performance
(Springer, 2012-11) Kota, Srinivas
The diversity in manufacturing processes has resulted in different kinds of performance measures that suit specific purposes. Performance measures amenable to comparing process alternatives are essential to characterize manufacturing performance. The comparison of process alternatives is increasingly being subjected to broader considerations, like environment and society. This requires a measure amenable to be considered under different perspectives. On analyzing the life cycle processes of a wooden-graphite pencil from a producer’s perspective a generic performance measure of ‘resource-use effectiveness’ is arrived at. Interpretations of the measure under different scenarios and perspectives are presented.
AcYut TeenSize Team Description Paper 2017
(Acyut., 2017) Rout, Bijay Kumar
This paper summarizes the developments in humanoid robotics by Team AcYut of Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. This paper is submitted as a prerequisite for participation in TeenSize Hu- manoid Soccer League, RoboCup 2017 to be held in Nagoya, Japan. All robots have been developed exclusively by the team. This paper describes the hardware design of our humanoids and the underlying software in its autonomous nature.
Adaptive soft sensor design using a regression neural network and bias update strategy for non-linear industrial processes
(IOP, 2023-05) Rout, Bijay Kumar; Mohanta, Hare Krishna; Pani, Ajaya Kumar
Soft sensing of quality parameters in process industries has been an active area of research for the past two decades. To improve the performance of soft sensors in the scenario of time varying process states, adaptation capability is incorporated into the soft sensor model. In this work, recursive (R), sliding window (SW) and just-in-time learning (JITL) frameworks are used for adaptive soft sensor design. A rarely explored modeling technique in the adaptation framework, the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is used as a local modeling strategy. A bias update procedure is applied during the model adaptation activity to improve the prediction accuracy. Further, the performances of the developed models are tested against input–output data dimension mismatch along with various concept drift phenomena by considering a different number of labeled samples for inputs and outputs. The proposed adaptation strategy is applied on two benchmark industrial processes. Simulation results show that the GRNN local modeling approach combined with the bias update strategy gives higher prediction accuracy than other adaptive soft sensors proposed in the literature. Moreover, GRNN local modeling strategy using SW adaptation mechanism has the least computation time among the three adaptation methods due to the use of a low number of samples for model development.
An adaptive source-free unsupervised domain adaptation method for mechanical fault detection
(Elsevier, 2025-04) Choudhury, Madhurjya Dev
Cross-machine fault detection is crucial due to the challenges of data labeling. While domain adaptation methods facilitate diagnosis across rotating machines, they often require data sharing, which is impractical due to privacy concerns and large data transmission. Although domain generalization and source-free unsupervised domain adaptation (SFUDA) methods address privacy issues, most fail to consider dynamic distribution shifts within and between domains, limiting their effectiveness. To overcome this challenge, an adaptive SFUDA method named AI3M is proposed. The AI3M pre-trains a source model with intra- and inter-domain information maximization loss to reduce distribution shifts within and between domains, and then adapts the model with a target-guided adaptation strategy to minimize the dynamic gap between different machines. Experiments on datasets from 11 wind turbines across 8 wind farms show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art DG and SFUDA approaches, achieving superior cross-machine fault detection performance.
Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shapes Through Weld-Deposition and Feature Based Slicing
(ASME, 2016-04) Sharma, Panchagnula Jayaprakash
Fabricating fully dense and functional metallic components is one of the important challenges in Additive Manufacturing (AM). Additive Manufacturing is a technology in which functional components can be fabricated rapidly and efficiently from their CAD models. It is also referred as Layered Manufacturing (LM) as the object is created by slicing the CAD model into layers and realizing each layer at a time. These layers are thin and stacked or glued together to get the physical shape of the CAD model. However, realizing overhanging features is a difficult task due to deficiency of support mechanism for metals. A separate support structure has to be deposited to build overhanging structures. Although, use of a distinct support material is quite common in non-metallic AM processes, such as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), and the same for metals is not yet available. The various techniques in AM process for fabricating metal parts can be mainly classified as laser based, electron beam based and arc based processes. While some Additive Manufacturing processes like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) employ easily-breakable-scaffolds made of same material to realize the overhanging features, the same approach cannot be extended to deposition processes like laser or arc based direct energy deposition processes.
Addressing the Agile Manufacturing Impediments using Interpretive Structural Modeling
(Elsevier, 2017) Routroy, Srikanta; Potdar, Pavan Kumar
Agile manufacturing (AM) has achieved tremendous remembrance by the organizations to beat the uncertainties resulting from rapidly change market, shortening product life cycle, varying customer demand and obsolete technologies. AM is adopted as a new concept to improve the competitiveness of different organizations ranging from manufacturing sector to service sector. However, in reality, many organizations have been facing lots of problems during the implementation of AM due to some environment specific impediments. The AM implementation process is getting delayed without the efforts of addressing the root cause of Agile Manufacturing Impediments (AMIs). These AMIs have its deep roots along various tangible and intangible issues of the organizations. Therefore, an organization needs to target the appropriate AMIs as putting efforts on all AMIs is not feasible. In this paper, a methodology is proposed using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) integrated with Fuzzy Matriced Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliqueeaun Classement (FMICMAC) algorithm for systematic analysis of impediments of AM. To demonstrate its practicality, a case study was conducted in an Indian automobile manufacturing company.
Addressing the Root Cause Impediments for Supplier Development in Manufacturing Environment
(Elsevier, 2014) Routroy, Srikanta
The manufacturing supply chains, designed for delivering the best to the customer should operate by following systems approach, where planning and execution are strategically carried out protecting the interests of each stakeholder. Supplier Development (SD) is one such sourcing strategy that a manufacturing company devise to strengthen its critical but fragile supply base, portraying mutual interests in the formulation. However in reality, many companies even though capable enough in conceiving and materializing their SD strategies yet, are miserably falling short off due to tremendous misdirected flow of resources. Often, the bitter experiences from the results due to misdirected SD efforts, the companies are pushed to draw wrong conclusions and inevitably search for other misdirected efforts without addressing the root cause impediments. In concrete, the misdirection in SD has its deep roots along various tangible and intangible issues of the operation field. Therefore, a manufacturer needs to bring these issues to the surface, critically analyze and uproot them for smooth development of its supply base strength. In this paper, a methodology is proposed using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) - Fuzzy Matriced Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliqueeaun Classement (FMICMAC) algorithm for systematic analysis of impediments of SD. To demonstrate its utility, a case study was conducted in an Indian manufacturing company and the proposed methodology is applied to it in order to explain the salient features of the concept.