Department of Mechanical engineering

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Environmental impact

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    A Blockchain Technology based Framework for Environmental and Social Impact Authenticity of a 3D Printed Product
    (Elsevier, 2023) Sangwan, Kuldip Singh; Dua, Amit
    This paper proposes a conceptual framework for implementing blockchain technology to enhance traceability, transparency, and authenticity of a 3D printed product. An implementation framework is developed using blockchain technologies to record and trace critical attributes during the various life cycle phases of a 3D printing value chain, viz. raw material extraction, chemical processing, polymerization, filament production, 3D printing, and end-of-life recycling of the product. The information on critical attributes of carbon footprint, workers' age, and material flow during the entire value chain is captured to provide authentic output of carbon footprint and labour age during any of the value chain activity. The uniqueness of the current work lies in offering a series of immutable transactions using blockchain technology to comprehend the circularity of 3D printing material and account for the overall carbon footprint produced by a 3D printed product considering its whole value chain. This would improve the traceability and visibility of the material supply chain for 3D printing. On the hindsight, the proposed framework is expected to assist the manufacturing firms to act as responsible manufacturers by providing the authentic data for the computation of environmental assessment as well as social issues of child labour throughout the value chain.
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    Comparative Study Using Life Cycle Approach for the Biodiesel Production from Microalgae Grown in Wastewater and Fresh Water
    (Elsevier, 2018) Sangwan, Kuldip Singh; Raghuvanshi, Smita
    Use of bio fuels is a sustainable solution in the current energy scenario, which is marked by unsustainable use of fossil fuels. Production of biodiesel requires microalgae as feedstock. The micro algae require nutrients, CO2 & light source for its growth. An approach where waste water treatment plant can act as source of nutrients for the growth of microalgae would be beneficial. Hence the present work was carried out to understand the life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from microalgae grown in waste water and associated impacts compared with biodiesel production from fresh water. The system boundary considered in the process includes cultivation of microalgae, flocculation, centrifugation, extraction, and transesterification. The functional unit considered for the study is 1 MJ of energy produced from biodiesel. The life cycle assessments (LCA) for the present case was carried out using Umberto NXT software and inventory was taken from Eco invent database v3.0 and literature. Results has shown that the microalgae grown in waste water requires lesser energy as compared to algae grown in fresh water.
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    Life Cycle Assessment of Arc Welding and Gas Welding Processes
    (Elsevier, 2016) Sangwan, Kuldip Singh
    Welding is one of the important processes in most of the manufacturing process chains. In term of material and energy consumption, every welding process is different from each other and thus has different environmental impact. It is estimated that 0.5-1% of the consumables in arc welding are converted into particulate matter, gases and emissions. On global level, the pollutants released through welding process are in tons and a large amount of energy is consumed for the same. This study attempts to evaluate the environmental impact generated due to welding for training purpose. Material and energy flow modeling is carried out using software Umberto NXT universal with database Eco-invent version 3.0. Impact assessment has been carried out using midpoint (CML 2001) and end-point (Impact 2002+) assessment methods. It has been found that in the production of machine/equipment (manufacturing phase) copper and mild steel are major polluter; mild steel is dominant polluter in the use phase; and copper is the major contributor in the end of life phase. This study recommends use of simulation during training for advanced learning technologies for different welding processes.
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    Waste Water Treatment Plant Life Cycle Assessment: Treatment Process to Reuse of Water
    (Elsevier, 2017) Sangwan, Kuldip Singh; Raghuvanshi, Smita
    This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in a university campus in India. Various emissions coming from the WWTP along with their impact factors are analyzed using a LCA software Umberto NXT Universal utilizing Eco-invent database v3.0. It has been found that the recycled water from the plant provides positive impact on the assessed categories. Effect of treatment system is overriding the effect of recycled water in other categories like terrestrial eco-toxicity potential, global warming potential, particulate matter formation, fossil depletion potential, etc. However, the social effect of untreated sewer and environmental effect of compost produced by the system have not been studied.