Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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Author: search.filters.author.Rano, Dinesh

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    A Planar End-fire Antenna for Wireless Body Area Network
    (IEEE, 2020) Rano, Dinesh
    In this paper, a new compact planar end-fire antenna is proposed. The antenna is designed for Medical and Wireless Body Area Network (MBAN & WBAN) applications and covers 2.25 GHz - 2.6 GHz. The fabricated antenna demonstrates a gain of 4.1 dB and radiation efficiency of 81% which is better compared to existing antennas designed on FR4 substrate. Furthermore, the size is the smallest among the known works.
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    Cost-Effective Approach for the Determination of Specific Absorption Rate of Liquid Phantom
    (IEEE, 2021) Rano, Dinesh
    In this paper, point thermal specific absorption rate (SAR) of the liquid phantoms are determined by simulation and measurement on an elliptical cylinder for a microstrip patch antenna (MPA) operating in the medical body area network (MBAN) band. For this, we measured the temperature rise of the liquids exposed to EM wave (MPA) for a given time. The liquid phantom (homogeneous) is developed by varying the percentage of salt and sugar in 250g of water, whereas, skin phantom is developed by varying the weight of water in 200g of glycerin. The reported technique to measure SAR can provide measurements without the need for an expensive arrangement of dielectric probe kit and this demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of the proposed technique. Finally, we validated our proposed theory with simulation by keeping the conditions identical to measurement which demonstrates excellent resemblance.
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    Analysis of Normally Incident EM Waves Reflected from a Conformal Meta-surface
    (IEEE, 2022) Rano, Dinesh
    This paper reports the conceptualization, and analysis of a geometrical approach to determine the shift in the in-phase reflection of three conformal meta-surfaces (MS). For the proposed approach, a planar array consisting of MS unit cells (MS-UCs) of a given dimension is drawn on a circle of desired radius (r). The path traveled by the reflected and incident EM wave in terms of an electrical length results in the shift of reflection angle. For the validation purpose, the conformed arrays are simulated under x- and y-polarized EM waves. The sum of the incident and reflected phases resulting in total shift is determined theoretically and compared with the simulated shifts of the three arrays. Furthermore, one of the conformed arrays is experimentally evaluated under the TEM incidence and compared with the theoretical and simulated result. The excellent agreement between the theoretical and measured results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed work.
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    Sensor tags for wireless body-centric communication: challenges and opportunities
    (IOP, 2022-09) Rano, Dinesh
    Chapter 10 gives a comprehensive overview of the devices and methods required for interfacing sensor tags for wireless body-centric communication (WBAN). The antenna is an integral part of WBAN devices and plays a vital role in establishing a link between a wearable device and a base communication station situated remotely from the body. The patch antennas used in WBAN applications are often limited by their operational bandwidth, size, reduced efficiency, strong coupling with the body, and high specific absorption rate. This chapter highlights the existing challenges and some solutions for designing an antenna for WBAN applications. An in-depth study of one promising solution related to the design of electromagnetic band-gap surfaces for interfacing the wearable devices and base station is included.
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    Differential Method for Determining the Specific Absorption Rate of Electromagnetic Energy of a Liquid Phantom
    (Springer, 2023) Rano, Dinesh
    The wide use of small-sized wearable electronic devices in various practical human activities makes it relevant to measure the proportion of electromagnetic energy absorbed by the human body. One of the most important parameters that determines it is the specific absorption rate. In this article the authors propose a method for determining this coefficient for a liquid phantom with the use of computer simulation and experimental measurement of the microstrip patch antenna parameters. The antenna is located on an elliptical cylinder and operates in the wireless medical body area network. The method is based on measuring the rise in temperature of the liquid phantom exposed to electromagnetic waves generated by a microstrip patch antenna over a certain time. Homogeneous liquid phantom was created by changing the percentage of salt and sugar in 250 g of water, the skin phantom — by changing the percentage of water in 200 g of glycerol. The proposed specific absorption rate measurement method eliminates the need to purchase an expensive set of dielectric probes, which demonstrates its cost-effectiveness. The results of experimental measurements are in good agreement with the results of the performed computer simulation
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    Skin Cancer Detection Reflectometry Technique Using Millimeter-wave Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna
    (IEEE, 2023) Rano, Dinesh
    This work introduces a methodology for the early detection of skin cancer. The approach utilizes a dual-band antipodal vivaldi antenna (AVA) with circular polarization and a low-profile design for reflectometry in the millimeter-wave frequency range. The AVA distinguishes between normal skin tissue and malignant tumors by analyzing the change in return loss (RL). Planar and cylindrical tissue models have been developed to simulate skin conditions, including wet and dry skin. The tissue models incorporate irregular hexagon, pentagon, and rectangle as shapes associated with skin cancer. The analysis involves the examination of frequency shift and RL magnitude in the presence and absence of a tumor. The results indicate that the cylindrical skin model displayed a notable frequency shift and higher RL than the planar model. The RL value is significantly impacted by alterations in the tumor’s morphology.
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    Misalignment Study of Dual-Band SIMO- and MIMO- WPT Systems
    (IEEE, 2023) Rano, Dinesh
    In this paper, the misalignment study of single input-multi output (SIMO) and a multi input-multi output (MIMO) defected ground structure based dual-band wireless power transfer (DGS-WPT) system is discussed. As a case study, WPT systems operating at 300 MHz / 700 MHz are designed in CST and prototyped. In this case, the best system efficiency is obtained for the separation of h = 18 mm between the transmitter (TX) and receivers (RXs). The misalignment study includes a detailed analysis of shift in the lateral and angular position of RXs with respect to the TX. It was observed that the misalignment has more negative impact on the performance of SIMO than the MIMO type WPT system.
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    End-fire Yagi Antenna with DGS for WBAN Applications
    (IEEE, 2019) Rano, Dinesh
    A planar yagi-uda antenna backed by defected ground structure (DGS) and operating at wireless body area network (WBAN) is reported in this work. The strips in the design apart from the primary feed acts as director and partial ground plane at the back behaves as a reflector. The overall arrangement is suitable to exhibit end-fire radiation pattern with gain in the main lobe and efficiency of 6.8 dB and 90% respectively in air. The net dimension of the antenna is 50mm x 50mm x 1.594mm. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed antenna in terms of return loss, radiation pattern and gain is analyzed in close proximity to human body using the five layer model. The effectiveness of the proposed design is demonstrated through close agreement between the measured and simulated return losses of DGS backed antenna in air.
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    Miniaturized Slot-loaded Mushroom EBG Cell for MBAN and Wi-Fi Bands
    (IEEE, 2020) Rano, Dinesh
    Systematic design approach for two new types of EBG cells operating in the Medical Body Area Network (MBAN) and ISM bands are reported. The proposed EBG cells make use of the conventional mushroom and slot loaded EBG cells. The proposed techniques utilize tuning of slot dimensions to achieve miniaturization. A reduction of more than 20% is obtained using the presented designs when compared to the mushroom cell. Furthermore, an algorithm that combines the LC lumped circuit model and dispersion diagram of the EBG cells to expedite the design and analysis is developed. To experimentally validate the design feasibility and hence the bandgap property of the proposed cells, an array of 3x5 unit cells is prototyped. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated results at the desired band.
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    Geometric Method for Determining the Phase Shift in the Reflection of an Electromagnetic Wave from a Conformal Meta-Surface of a Sensing Element
    (Springer, 2022-10) Rano, Dinesh
    The current stage of studies of high-impedance conformal surfaces on metamaterials (meta-surfaces) and the development of multifunction measurement devices based on them make the problem of determining the parameters and characteristics of meta-surfaces timely. A geometrical method of determining the phase shift has been developed and proposed for in-phase reflection of an electromagnetic wave from the conformal meta-surface of a sensitive element. It is shown that as a result of meta-surface bending, the incident electromagnetic wave passes along an additional path for a defined electrical length, which results in increasing the phase shift of the reflected wave. Using the CST Studio Suite numerical modeling program, the values of the phase shift of incident and reflected waves were obtained for planar and bent meta-surfaces of sensitive elements of various topology with radii of curvature 40, 50, and 60 mm. The obtained results were compared with analytical calculations, and good correspondence was demonstrated. The proposed method can be applied for calculation and modeling measurement transducers that contain sensitive elements on high-impedance conformal meta-surfaces.