Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/1925

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Machine Learning

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 18
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    Fair and Scalable Orchestration of Network and Compute Resources for Virtual Edge Services
    (IEEE, 2023-03) Tripathi, Sharda
    The combination of service virtualization and edge computing allows for low latency services, while keeping data storage and processing local. However, given the limited resources available at the edge, a conflict in resource usage arises when both virtualized user applications and network functions need to be supported. Further, the concurrent resource request by user applications and network functions is often entangled, since the data generated by the former has to be transferred by the latter, and vice versa. In this paper, we first show through experimental tests the correlation between a video-based application and a vRAN. Then, owing to the complex involved dynamics, we develop a scalable reinforcement learning framework for resource orchestration at the edge, which leverages a Pareto analysis for provable fair and efficient decisions. We validate our framework, named VERA, through a real-time proof-of-concept implementation, which we also use to obtain datasets reporting real-world operational conditions and performance. Using such experimental datasets, we demonstrate that VERA meets the KPI targets for over 96% of the observation period and performs similarly when executed in our real-time implementation, with KPI differences below 12.4%. Further, its scaling cost is 54% lower than a centralized framework based on deep-Q networks
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    VERA: Resource Orchestration for Virtualized Services at the Edge
    (IEEE, 2022) Tripathi, Sharda
    The combination of service virtualization and edge computing allows mobile users to enjoy low latency services, while keeping data storage and processing local. However, the network edge has limited resource availability, and when both virtualized user applications and network functions need to be supported concurrently, a natural conflict in resource usage arises. In this paper, we focus on computing and radio resources and develop a framework for resource orchestration at the edge that leverages a model-free reinforcement learning approach and a Pareto analysis, which is proved to make fair and efficient decisions. Through our testbed, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution in resource-limited scenarios, and show an improvement of around 60% in the CPU budget violation rate with respect to RL based standard multi-agent framework.
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    A Context-Aware Radio Resource Management in Heterogeneous Virtual RANs
    (IEEE, 2022-03) Tripathi, Sharda
    New-generation wireless networks are designed to support a wide range of services with diverse key performance indicators (KPIs) requirements. A fundamental component of such networks, and a pivotal factor to the fulfillment of the target KPIs, is the virtual radio access network (vRAN), which allows high flexibility on the control of the radio link. However, to fully exploit the potentiality of vRANs, an efficient mapping of the rapidly varying context to radio control decisions is not only essential, but also challenging owing to the interdependence of user traffic demand, channel conditions, and resource allocation. Here, we propose CAREM, a reinforcement learning framework for dynamic radio resource allocation in heterogeneous vRANs, which selects the best available link and transmission parameters for packet transfer, so as to meet the KPI requirements. To show its effectiveness, we develop a testbed for proof-of-concept. Experimental results demonstrate that CAREM enables an efficient radio resource allocation under different settings and traffic demand. Also, compared to the closest existing scheme based on neural network and the standard LTE, CAREM exhibits an improvement of one order of magnitude in packet loss and latency, while it provides a 65% latency improvement relatively to the contextual bandit approach.
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    Interference Cancellation in Wireless Communications: Past, Present, and Future
    (Taylor & Francis, 2022) Zafaruddin, S.M.
    The advent of electronic communication has revolutionized the exchange of information with a plethora of services such as military, security, entertainment, and of course, telecommunications. Over the several decades, wireless communication has evolved from enabling voice calls to sending text messages, images, videos, and high-definition video conferencing to high-end applications of wireless cognition, augmented reality, and autonomous driving. However, the coexistence of many users and services in a limited spectrum may cause interference among each other. The problem of signal interference has been associated with communication systems since the beginning and has evolved with the evolution of wireless communications. In this tutorial article, we present the evolution of communication systems for the interference problem considering the cancelation methods developed in the past, an overview of the current scenario, and anticipation of future technologies
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    Enabling Safe ITS: EEG-Based Microsleep Detection in VANETs
    (IEEE, 2022-12) Chamola, Vinay
    Researchers nowadays are particularly focusing on the interpretation of EEG signals to understand and exploit the information they provide for brain activities. Deep learning architectures performing sleep staging have recently grown to their full potential with their ability to learn and interpret highly complex mathematical contexts. This has been catered to owing to the increasing availability of large EEG data sets. In this paper, we describe how sleep staging differs from microsleep prediction. We also provide a fresh methodology for the microsleep classification job that works with even less training data. Our proposed model exploits the attention-based mechanism that clubs the advantages available in Wavelet transform with Short Time Fourier Transform(STFT) Spectrogram. We also put forward a robust deep learning model that contains separate “time-dependent” and “time-independent” parts, which can record contexts from the sequence of features and simultaneously learn intra-epoch relations. A single-electrode EEG signal was employed for our analysis to accommodate such procedures’ social acceptance. For the task of microsleep detection on the MWT dataset, our model achieves fairly high accuracy rates (92% training and 89.9% testing accuracy), and an overall improvement in the kappa value by ≈ 42%, as compared to prior novel approaches.
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    A Blockchain and ML-Based Framework for Fast and Cost-Effective Health Insurance Industry Operations
    (IEEE, 2022) Chamola, Vinay
    Health insurance is crucial for each person, bearing in mind the increasing medical costs. COVID-19 has been an eye-opener as to how important it is to have health insurance. Medical emergencies can have a severe emotional and financial impact. Thus, a health insurance policy can help mitigate financial risks in unpredictable circumstances. However, the current insurance system is very expensive, as thousands of people pay the premiums, and very few take the claims. Furthermore, the claim settlement process is excruciatingly long and tiresome. In this article, we focus on establishing a rapid and cost-effective framework for the health insurance market, based on machine learning and blockchain technology. By developing a smart contract, blockchain may eliminate any third-party organizations and make the complete process safer, easier, and more efficient. The contract pays the claim based on the claimant’s documentation. We optimized the premiums using a regression model based on the net amount claimed during the current policy tenure and various other criteria. For anticipating risk, a random forest classifier is used, which aids in the risk-rated premium rebate computation for policyholders for their next term of insurance.
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    Uniting cyber security and machine learning: Advantages, challenges and future research
    (Elsevier, 2022-09) Chamola, Vinay
    Machine learning (ML) is a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which focuses on the implementation of some systems that can learn from the historical data, identify patterns and make logical decisions with little to no human interventions. Cyber security is the practice of protecting digital systems, such as computers, servers, mobile devices, networks and associated data from malicious attacks. Uniting cyber security and ML has two major aspects, namely accounting for cyber security where the machine learning is applied, and the use of machine learning for enabling cyber security. This uniting can help us in various ways, like it provides enhanced security to the machine learning models, improves the performance of the cyber security methods, and supports effective detection of zero day attacks with less human intervention. In this survey paper, we discuss about two different concepts by uniting cyber security and ML. We also discuss the advantages, issues and challenges of uniting cyber security and ML. Furthermore, we discuss the various attacks and provide a comprehensive comparative study of various techniques in two different considered categories. Finally, we provide some future research directions.
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    Enabling Cost-Effective and Secure Minor Medical Teleconsultation Using Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain
    (IEEE, 2022-03) Chamola, Vinay
    While the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the popularity of home-based consultations, worries over privacy, high consultations costs, slow response times, and the burden on doctors due to the overwhelming number of COVID-19 cases have made current in-person and online models ineffective. In this study, we present an advanced, privacy-protected, artificial intelligence and blockchain-based consultation framework for minor medical conditions. Patients can post their medical queries anonymously on the blockchain network, which may be answered by any available medical professionals. The queries are sorted into their respective domains using naive Bayes and logistic regression. The consultations provided by medical specialists are evaluated based on their reputation, expertise, detail orientation, and the use of supporting documents, and rewards are given in accordance with the evaluation scheme. This fair and incentivized system provides cheaper and more accessible healthcare to patients, which is the need of the hour.
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    A machine learning and blockchain based secure and cost-effective framework for minor medical consultations
    (Elsevier, 2022-09) Chamola, Vinay
    With the ever-increasing awareness among people regarding their health, visiting a doctor has become quite common. However, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, home-based consultations are gaining popularity. Nevertheless, the worries over privacy and the lack of willingness to assist patients by the medical professionals in the online consultation process have made current models ineffective. In this paper, we present an advanced protected blockchain-based consultation model for minor medical conditions. Our model not only ensures users’ privacy but by incorporating a calculation model, it also offers an opportunity for consulting end-users to voluntarily take part in the consultation process. Our work proposes a smart contract based on machine learning to be implemented for the prediction of a score of a professional who consults based on various prioritized parameters. This is done by using word2vec and TF-IDF weighting to classify the question and cosine similarity scores for detailed orientation analysis. Based on this score, the patient is charged, and simultaneously, the responder is awarded ether. An incentivized method leads to more accessible healthcare while reducing the cost itself.
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    Healthcare in Metaverse: A Survey on Current Metaverse Applications in Healthcare
    (IEEE, 2022-11) Chamola, Vinay
    The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed several limitations of existing healthcare systems. Thus, there is a surge in healthcare innovation and new business models using computer-mediated virtual environments to provide an alternative healthcare system. Today, digital transformation is not limited to virtual communication alone but encompasses digitalizing the network of social connections in the healthcare industry using metaverse technology. The metaverse is a universal and immersive virtual world facilitated by virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). This paper presents the first effort to offer a comprehensive survey that examines the latest metaverse developments in the healthcare industry, which covers seven domains: telemedicine, clinical care, education, mental health, physical fitness, veterinary, and pharmaceuticals. We review metaverse applications and deeply discuss technical issues and available solutions in each domain that can help develop a self-sustaining, persistent, and future-proof solution for medical healthcare systems. Finally, we highlight the challenges that must be tackled before fully embracing the metaverse for the healthcare industry.